A Study on Enhanced Employee Performance Through Soft Skills

PROJECT REPORT - A STUDY ON ENHANCED EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH SOFT SKILLS AT DZINE-HUB CREATIONS PVT.LTD. TABLE OF CONTENTS S.no TITLE Page No 1. Acknowledgement 10 2. Executive Summary 11-12 3. List of Tables 13-14 4. List of Figures 15-16 Chapters 1. Introduction 17-48 1.1 Definition of Soft Skills 17 1.2 Hard Facts About Soft Skills 19 1.3 Top 60 Soft Skills 21 1.4 Soft Skills Gap – Do You Have One? 23 1.5 Distinction Between Hard Skills Soft Skills 25 1.6 Soft Skills Are Important 28 1.7 Soft Skills Types 28 1.8 The Benefits of Soft Skills 31 1.9 Employee Performance 32 1. 10 Commitment to Performance 33 1.11 Indian Scenario 41 1.12 Need of The Hour 42 1.13 Objectives 43 1.14†¦show more content†¦My heartfelt gratitude to Dr A. Xavier Mahimaraj, Co-ordinator of twinning program, Loyola College for his valuable contribution and continued support which he rendered to me while pursuing my MBA in this esteemed institution. I extend my sincere gratitude to Dr.P.Amuthalakshmi MA M.Phil, MBA Phd who motivated and guided me in each step of this project and who was always the source of motivation for visualisation and presentation for this project. No words would suffice to express my gratitude and indebtedness to Mr. Fahd Adam (Business Development Manager) at Dzine-Hub for his valuable guidance while giving me an opportunity to do this project in the esteemed organisation. Last but not the least, wholeheartedly thanks to my faculty members of my institution, my husband Asad, my sister Furozah, my family, all my friends and relatives who directly and indirectly helped me in completing this project. ASMA SIDDIQ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The meaning of conducting this research was to find the impact soft skills have on the performance of an employee. In today’s world of cut throat competition, one cannot survive just on technical knowledge. 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The Apartheid Of South Africa - 1108 Words

Apartheid in South Africa Every country has a story to how it made a name for itself regardless if it was good or bad. Today the beautiful South Africa is known as the rainbow nation, for it’s diversity in culture. However, that name was earned after many blood rivers and broken homes.These â€Å"blood rivers and broken homes† I speak of occurred during an era called Apartheid. The name â€Å"Apartheid† is an afrikaans name which means segregation. It took fifty years for South Africa to redeem itself from being known, for violence and destruction. Liberation and freedom was in high demand but it wasn’t up for trade. The National Party Government of South Africa was a white government who loved the gift they had seen in South Africa however, who likes sharing gifts? The National Party Government was made up of the European, Dutch and British colonies. They believed that South Africa was a gift given to them by God and they had to protect it from other races. 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True And Fair View and Its Representation as a Social Contract

Question: True and Fair View and Its Representation How Do As A Social Contract? Answer: Introduction The disputes that are in respect to social contract have been the core to the convention of the changes and the social modifications. There have been several efforts to dissolute on the perceptions of social accountability in the literature review. The paper undertakes an explanation with the component of the implication of the preciseness and significance of social contract with respect to the legitimacy theory. It is seen that the companies functioning in the economy requires to stick to the standards that have been put forward by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS), which is helpful for the preparation of a fair and precise accounting statement(Zeff 2016). The paper that is under consideration makes use of the two topic namely the True and Fair (TFV) principles and its representation as social contract and the next topic talks about the implementation and neatness of social contract in the theory of legitimacy. TFV is a kind of accounting principle and this report explains this concept by looking at the literature review prepared previously. The explanation reveals that whether TFV can be represented as social contract among the accounting personnel so that an idea can be obtained about improving the financial situation of the firm(Henderson et al., 2015). The use of this method can be useful for creating a sense of togetherness among the professional accountants who are functioning together. The next topic that is under consideration refers to the implementation and the significance of social contract in the concept of legitimacy. The paper would explain the the concept of legitimacy and will then discuss about whether social contract can be useful in enhancing the theory of legitimacy in a firm(Macve 2015). The information with respect to these two topics have in gathered from the literature review that was prepared previously and analysing the articles put forth various by various researchers. True and Fair View and its representation as a Social Contract It is known that True and Fair View (TFV) principle is a primary standard for the preparation of accounting statements and for the collection of the information. This method asks the accounting professionals to prepare their reports properly and precisely without making any mistakes. The principle is generally related to the basic four ideas of publishing the information. The basic ideas include consistency, going concern, matching and prudency. There are certain types of behaviour of standard accounting with respect to the transactions that are monetary in nature and it is seen that the accountants have a hard role to analyse a comparison with regards to the activities of the competitive firms within a specified time span(Collier 2015). TFV is well known between the professional accountant personnel as it is the basic requirement for the construction of an accounting report that is in line with GAAP and IFRS. TFV does not have any definite explanation and hence, researchers who are hailing various parts of the world compute definitions of TFV according to the generally accepted principles. These principles are granted nationally and in accordance to the culture of the country where they operate (EnglundGerdin 2014). The principle of accounting that is inherent in the country even aids in the preparation of the definition of TFV. The absence of a proper definition of TFV makes the recommendations of the accounting people important. During the final analysis of the information that is what is fair and true, it is seen that the administration has the author to undertake a decision regarding the dependence on materiality or dependability. The loyalty regarding the legal and justified utilisation of TFV is related to the wider attitude of ethics of the society. This enables the utilization and positive and negative superiority for undertaking the decisions that are in regards to the legal and generalised principle and standards (Pijper 2016). There have been arguments that whether TFV when segregated into the words true and fair does not have the same importance. The words can be segregated with ease and it is seen that the two words have different utilities. HahnKhnen (2013) has discussed that the auditors who are functioning in a firm have suggested that TFV can be segregated with ease. Chambers(2014)published that TFV is exclusive of an accurate definition and it is difficult to come to a conclusion that the accounting statements are accurate, practical and fair. Dichevet al., (2013)reveals that there are several faults that have been discovered by the analysts with the help of their intelligence and the end result concludes that TFV is qualitative in nature and there is not an exact measurement tool. Therefore, Albuet al., (2014) has published a discussion that makes sure that TFV is regarded as a legal and justified perception and the court can thus give out decisions and judgment. The legal body like the management and administration gives out various characteristics that have been explained below: Authority: The transactions that are revealed and disclosed to be authorized and are over the administration. Accurate: In this aspect all the data that has been disclosed needs to be true and fair. Complete: In this stage, it is determined that the information should not have any misplaced data during the accounting method. The accounting method that makes use of the qualities that have been discussed above have the potentiality of disclosing the actual description of the accounting reports. It is observed that there are several challenges that are inherent within the accounting reports. The financial statements may have certain qualities that are missing and hence only a particular level of sample can be undertaken(Hyndman et al., 2014). It is seen that TFV can be explained with the help of the below discussed aspects individually. Truth in Accounting The lack of uneasiness with the perspective of truth in the method of accounting has been published as one of the crucial challenges within the literature of accounting. The idea about truth with respect to accounting is a realistic ideology that has minimum openings of being implicated in the accounting process (Jones et al., 2013). With respect to the filing of the report, it is seen that financial accounting needs the avoidance of the inheritance of bias. This method of elimintatiuing bias from the accounting process is deemed difficult. The initial challenge is to gaini knowledge regarding the fact that there is no past background. The next challenge involves difficulties that are present in order to discuss them. These are the factors that makes us understand that bias has been present in the accounting process from the very beginning. The experts therefore look to stay unbiased thereby avoiding the entrance of bias in the process accounting (Grossi 2015). It is observed that neutrality is an important aspect that is deemed to be qualitative within the information of accounting. The addition of impartiality terminates bias from the accounting statements. Therefore, a document that is exclusive of bias leads to the presumed conclusions that leads to the creation of a distinct attitude and behaviour. Impartial ity is therefore, the foundation of the true worth and the completeness in the process of accounting and thus developing the accounting report. Truth in Objectivity There are four major understandings that can be discovered with the process of objectivity. Objectivity leads to the accuracy of the scatterings of statistics that is in regards to the establishment of characteristics when they are prepared with the help of several mechanisms. The discussion is seen to be suitably the vital criterion in accordance to objectivity. The process is established from the propensity with regards to accounting. It thereby gives out the information with the perspective to accounts that has characteristics of an average and assumed amount with respect to the probable dispersal (Storey et al., 2016). Hence, a conclusion can be given that financing is known as the need to avoid any secrecy as keeping any secret with respect to the information from the financial reports can construct inaccurate and faulty financial documents that have an adverse effect on the functions of the company. Fairness Fairness is a word that is known to the accountants and it means the countenance of neutrality with the professionals for the establishment of the financial accounting statements. Fairness historically means the ideology that the financial documents that are published to the accounting users should be fair by all means (Gynther 2014). The information that is gathered is seen to be fair if the data is meaningful and neutral. The method of objectivity conversely, in this aspect is looked upon like a philosophical style and is not regarded like in a manner of statistics. In a generalised sense, it is seen that the fairness theory reveals that the financial reports are not manipulated by any unethical influence or partiality. The word fairness explains that the professionals who construct the data with regards to accounting construct the accounting reports with the help of their ethical operational practices and loyal worth. This has been implied in accordance to the auditing, presentati on and manufacturing of the financial end results (Evans2013). The interpretation of the accountants is restricted to fairness while undertaking any presentation. The words fair and view is thus looked upon as the viewpoint of the process of accounting that is seen to be imperative and efficient as it brings forth the efficient process for the construction of the accounting statement (BellancaVandernoot 2013). The theory of financial accounting therefore has computed TFV. TFV is implicated for the process of analysis and making sure that accounting statements are helpful in publishing the activities of the business effectively. The implication of TFV can be undertaken with the help of the accounting system that makes use of diversified concepts and traditions that is helpful in making sure that the data with respect to accounting is declared effectively and reliably. TFV makes use of the traditional cost conventions as it is the historical method that is helpful to the process of accounting. The several other conventions that are taken into account are includes the monetary computation, segregated entity, materiality (Farjaudon Morales 2013). With respect to this topic, it is seen that TFV is looked upon as the represented as social contract. Social contract is looked upon as a traditional approach where the individuals of a society begin an unspoken contract thereby cooperating a benefit that is social in nature by compensating their personal independence (Needles et al., 20130. Social contract is looked upon as a significant characteristic as it establishes a feeling of togetherness and then aids in developing the concepts of accounting and construction of of the accounting statements. TFV theories are considered as a social contract as it compensates the manipulating risks and biases that are present internally during the construction of the report. TFV performing as a social contract is helpful for developing the statements of finance and thus aiding the administration and the management who are associated in the organization to construct and introduce several positive decisions. It is known that the principle of social contract has been going on from the historic time span as it has been looked upon as a significant tool as all the mistakes and the faults that are available in the business and the preparation of the statements of accounts are terminated. TFV, which is available within the process of accounting, is looked upon as a social contract that is existent between the business community and accounting professionals (MurphySikka 2015). It is seen that a sense of awareness is present among the accountants and the business regulators and each of the parties give up a segment of their profits thereby benefiting mutually and establishing an improved financial report that will be beneficial to both the parties. The effectiveness of TFV brings in various developments in the financial reports that are explained briefly below: The accounts and the reports that have been constructed on a yearly basis should have the statement of profit and loss, the income statement and the balance sheet with respect to several notes that are discovered within the accounts. It has been observed that the statements that have been explained needs to be inclusive of the overall composite. The ledgers and the accounts requires to be computed effectively in relation to the release that have been discussed in the standard of accounting. The report that are constructed annually in this perspective states that TFV are in regards to the assets and liabilities of a company that is taken into consideration and is even helpful for discovering the profit and loss of the company and their economic situation. In case of the scenario when the supplies that are pertinent to the accounting standard can be used by the company and the nation where they function is unable to bring forth the TFV. The disclosure is in respect to the yearly reports and thereafter adequate data is essential to be provided. The assessment of the topic in this scenario explains that TFV during the construction of the paper and the declarations of accounting is a representation of the social contracts. It is seen that it is helpful in creating a statement that will point and disclose the precise and accurate outcomes. These results will be exclusive of any bias. TFV is significant as it aids in eliminating the false reports and statements that are prepared by the accounting professionals as the judgment of the professionals can be manipulated by any factors(Chambers 2014). Conversely, it is seen that the social contract availability will abolish such situations and consequences and thereby can develop the financial situation of an organization. Explanation of application and relevance of Social Contract to the Legitimacy Theory in Accounting The explanation of the second topic in this specific study is disclosed in accordance with the theory of legitimacy and this demonstrates the implication and the significance of social contract. The financial framework of a company has gained support from the theory of legitimacy in the process of accounting. The legitimacy theory is looked upon as pertinent in relation to the implication of the social contract. The theory of legitimacy is looked upon by the companies as a activity based resource that is discovered by the firms from the cultural aspect and is is undertaken in a competitive manner in search of the organizational objectives(Frynas Stephens 2015). The firms social environment comprise of numerous actors and legitimacy is considered as an abstract theory. The theory of legitimacy has the investigation and incorporation of the specific stakeholders and the process with the help of which the movement of the resources are taken to be vital for the firms. Legitimacy is contr olled by the company as it makes sure that the actual labour flow, customers and capital are mandatory for the feasibility of the theory. It is recommended by the institutional theory of legitimacy that is in accordance to legitimacy, a company may be found in one of the four stages. The stages that are considered with the account of legitimacy can be segregated into the following phases. Legitimacy Establishment: In this stage, an initial phase of enhancement of the company is revealed and this tries to rotate around the various problems. These problems associate to competence and most of the factors are associated to the accounts(Chelli et al., 2014). In this respect, the companies require to be conscious of the standards and the demands of the quality that are established socially. This is undertaken in respect to the permitted professionalism standards. Legitimacy Maintenance: This stage is the level when most of the companies establish their functions as they are demanding to be within it. Nonetheless, the operations of the firm rotates around the prediction, foreseeing and restricting the probable threats to legitimacy. This may even be inclusive of the representative function of guarantee and the performance of the role that is ongoing(Rossi 2014). Legitimacy is regarded as a vibrant construction andits maintenance is not as simple as it looks. A firm can lose its legitimacy if the transforming style of the operations have been found to be suitable. Legitimacy Extension: It may occur that the firms requires to enter a new environment or market and undertake modifications with respect to the present market. In this scenario, it is even possible that protracted legitimacy may take place and this is regarded to be upbeatand fitting as an effort of the administration in gaining the confidence and aids from the potential constituents. Legitimacy Defending: Defence is necessary in legitimacy as it is challenged sometime by the occurrence(Fernando Lawrence 20140. When the administration of the firm is making an effort to resolve the threat, in that consequence, the operations of legitimating intends to be intense and reactive. It is has been discovered that the researchers related to the process of accounting gives a lot of stress on the last stage. It is because they have the option to gain the clear chance of investigating the vital connections among the legitimacy and resources. Disclosures that are corporate in nature are able to unpack the theory of legitimacy. Conversely, gaining knowledge about the principle is seen to be modernised and tries for the enhancement of the literature of accounts. It is given in the theory of legitimacy that entities of the business with respect to legitimacy functions in a community that depends on the implied social contracts among the community and them. According to the theory, the organizations are bounded by the social contract when the firm makes an agreement to accomplish several events that are desired communally and in return for the grant of certain rewards and other aims with respect to this(BellamyWeale 2015). It finally makes an assurance that the existence of the business unit will be present. The companies sustainably look for ensuring that they function within the regulations and the bounds that are in relation to the community and it is intended by the firm that their operations are looked to be legitimate by the exterior parties. Conversely, these bounds and policies are transforming with time and they are not taken as fixed and hence it is essential that the organizations requires to be active and responsive all the time(Sq uires 2013). There is a perception with which the theory of legitimacy is dependent on and this reveals that these is an existence of a social contract among the community where the company functions and among the companies that are in question. Social contract is taken as the theory that for revealing the gathering of the implicit and the explicit prospects that the community has on the path the firms should undertake their functions(Bice 2014). It is forecasted that the functions of the firm are sustainable and it is forecasted that the entities of the business will be able to obtain their expectation. It is looked upon by the theory of legitimacy that the units of the business need not only look at completing the demands of the stakeholders, and should mostly consider the civil liberties of the society. It is seen that if the firm is unable to comply with the socio-economic expectations, then the community may levy approval of the business units. The firms look to undertake several programs to perceive that their activities are legitimate. With regards to this, the companies would construct among the policies of acceptable attitude and the communal values that are implemented by or are linked with the operations in a wider communal system where the firm operates(Taylor et al., 2013). It has been framed by several researchers the process with which the firms look to legitimise their operations. There are several attempts that have been made with the help of interactions and for modifying the definition of social legitimacy. This is because it imitates best suited procedures, output and the values of the end result. The output and the goals of the firms requires to be accepted with the help of replicating the legitimacy definition that is prevailing in the environment. The companies tries to be recognised in the market with respect to the values, institutions and signs so that they have a firm sense of legitimacy and this is un dertaken by trying with the help of interaction. There are various experiential theories. McLoughlin(2015) has undertaken a research by establishing a connection among the theory of legitimacy and the corporate social policy disclosures. A social declaration changes from time to time or from year to year and the changes reveal an answer to the transforming anticipation of the corporate social attitude of the community. In another examination, the theory of legitimacy was exploited for undertaking alterations that are systematic in nature to the environmental declarations in the annual report of the firm(Czinkota et al., 2014). According to the theory, the declaration that concerns the environment by the firm in their annual report modifies during any social programs and the disasters that could be associated to a specific industry. The theory of legitimacy is looked upon as the situation when the system of the value of a unit is corresponding with the wider communal system value. There is a social contract among the company and the public within the communal environment. The revenue that is seen in the history of the company was looked upon as an internal measures of legitimacy. Conversely, the current system has gone far away from this theory. With respect to the present scenario, it is seen that the capability of the business unit to function with respect to the bounds and regulations that are implemented by the community and they are now being bequeathed with legitimacy(Chan et al., 2014). This is helpful for the firms in obtaining the entre to the resources and commodity markets. During the occurrence when the social contract is breached, it would lead to the withdrawal of the contract of the firm is unable to comply with the expectations of the society. A firm can introduce numerable strategies if they hav e brokentheir legitimacy and the social contracts. In this respect, it is seen that the organization looks to close the gap discovered in legitimacy and can undertake suitable adjustments and interact the prospects to the specific expectations of the public. The other strategy that can be implied by the firm is to make the society aware regarding the demonstration of the attitude of the firms. It is even seen that there are possibilities that the organizations can influence the prospects of the society and by transforming the expectations of the public. Irrespective of the strategies, undertaken by the strategies, that are explained above, it is seen that organization makes use of the disclosures of the public regarding the information that is accomplished with the help of the annual report of the firm(Parsons Moffat 2014). This is helpful in the establishment of an ostensible connection among the accounting research and the theory of legitimacy that rotates around the associated disclosures in the annual report, the firm has contain ed the outlook on the theory of legitimacy. This aids the firm in confronting the burden that is discovered from the social contract. If the declared polices and the norms of the firms are volatile to the social programs, there requires to be messages among the crucial activities and the disclosure peaks. Nonetheless, the study that is enveloped in the yearly report of the firm and this gives out the analysts with a priceless factor for the description and understanding of the declaration policy of the firm(Tester 2014). With respect to the several charitable declarations that are prepared by the firm in their annual statements, there exits an indecision within various analysts. There are two theories of legitimacy that requires to be granted for highlighting the factors that are related to social contracts. One of the theories constitute of the institutional legitimacy theories that is even regarded as the theory of legitimacy(WallenburgSchffler 2014). This concept explains that the firm has been able to obtain the trust of the society by bringing in modifications in the framework of the firm. Legitimacy and institutionalization are considered to be similar and these consequences aids in the empowerment of the firm by making them conscious and look natural and meaningful to the community. By looking at the queries and the time taken in the process of accounting that is undertaken in the research, it is seen that democratic structure of the government reveal that the research is going on the right pa th. The theory of legitimacy arise with several stages and this consist of the institutional and the organizational stage. There exist capitalism, society, government and religion at the basic level. The organizational level is regarded to be beneath the level of institution. The process of the business legitimacy aids the firms in discovering the permits or the fudging of the permits in the community of differentiated groups(Cronin De Greiff 2015). It is obvious of the information that conception of legitimacy would be created by the inclination of the maximum level of accounting research. The business legitimacy would be existent in as firm when there is a compatibility among the various value processes. The resource of the firm is provided with respect to the specific legitimacy and this aids in employing chasing their aims and thereby the company abolishes it completely from the socio-cultural environment(Parsons et al., 2014). There will be a risk to the business legitimacy when the re is probable imbalance among the various value systems. There are definite operations that aids in raising and lowering the level of legitimacy and it is seen that the lower degree of legitimacy moves towards the penalization of the power to operate as it has horrendous results for the business. The process of legitimacy is measured properly as a portion of the background for interchange as well as a by-product. The firms in order to operate efficiently as a specific amount in the communal exchange systems for which the capitals requires to have an import that that is symbolic(Clegg et al., 2015). There are several stakeholders in the firm who are accountable for managing the variable resources. The theory of legitimacy is found to be one of the various communal theories that have gained help from the social contract. This principle has been identified as the explanatory equipment of environmental; reporting that is utilised by the business concerns(Cornelissen 2014). One of the finest descriptions of the theory of legitimacy has given out that the idea that the firms look to legitimise themselves by sustainably looking to make sure that they are undertaking the activities with respect to the bounds and policies with respect to the society where the company functions. There is a significant number of perceptions and one of them is aided by legitimacy that the reporting of the policies are modified by the firms for explaining the information that their activities are dependable with any readjustment with respect to the expectation of the society and communal priorities(Muttakin Khan 2014). The business units have the objective of legitimizing their operations by looking to accomplish the dependability among the communal values and the objectives and goals and the operations of the business unit. The management and the administration looks to minimize the dangerous situations and legitimating the scheduleslook to be receptive and being robust. It is seen that most of the firms can frequently require to store the legitimacy as intended with respect to the Western Capitalist System. The society that is extensive and the various researchers are obtainable with the help of the theory of legitimacy in a particular way with the help of which the diversified corporate declarations get unloaded(Blowfield Murray 2014). The examination of the theory under consideration requires to be more innovative and modernised when analysing in various regions within the area of accounting and even outside the area of the research. Conclusion The analysis and discussion of the topics that have been provided in the case study reveals that unveiling the corporate declarations of the firm is given out by the theory of legitimacy to a vaster researchers and societies. The idea and the knowledge that is gained by making use of the theory of legitimacy is helpful for giving out better and efficient data and information so that it aids the stakeholders and the investors in undertaking fruitful and informed decisions. The society has sanctioned to gain the bungle and increased supervision and control by the method how assignment of the resources are undertaken. The explanation of the performance of the environment and the perception of the social contracts have been explained with the help of the theories of legitimacy. The paper and the report has explained that the concept of legitimacy has been found to be one of the most highlighted perception in the social and the environmental arena. The study that has been undertaken with respect to the implication of the theory of legitimacy in the firms has been useful in obtaining the widespread knowledge regarding the concepts of legitimacy that has been considered in the annual statement. The explanations that have been taken regarding the significance of this specific concept has aided in gaining knowledge regarding the notion about the public and the investors that manipulates the declaration of the norms and regulations of the firm. There have been gratitude of various degrees of legitimacy theories that have been depicted in the report. This aids the stakeholders and the management in gaining knowledge regarding how the concept of legitimacy has accredited to the firms and how the repairing and the maintenance of the legitimacy are undertaken with the help of the corporate declarations. The function of the declarations with respect to the information among the group, state and individuals are brought in to the theory. I t is gained that the real comportment of the firm is not discovered to be legitimate. The factors and the things that have been regarded as legitimate in this specific aspect is the notion of the community that aids in constructing the corporate legitimacy. The assessment of the topic that is related to True and Fair View model explains that constructing the financial document with respect to TFV looked upon as a representative of the social contract. This aids in the foundation of the report that brings forth the outcome that does not include the bias and brings forth the precise information. Hence, the inclusion of the social contract aids in developing the financial condition of the companies by abolishing the several consequences that is raised due to the existence of any materiality that is manifested in the financial document. Reference List Albu, C. N., Albu, N., Alexander, D. (2014). When global accounting standards meet the local contextInsights from an emerging economy.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(6), 489-510. Bellamy, R., Weale, A. (2015). Political legitimacy and European monetary union: contracts, constitutionalism and the normative logic of two-level games.Journal of European Public Policy,22(2), 257-274. Bellanca, S., Vandernoot, J. (2013). Analysis of Belgian public accounting and its compliance with International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) 1, 6 and 22.International Journal of Business and Management,8(9), 122. Bice, S. (2014). What gives you a social licence? An exploration of the social licence to operate in the Australian mining industry.Resources,3(1), 62-80. Blowfield, M., Murray, A. (2014).Corporate responsibility. Oxford University Press. Chambers, R. L. (Ed.). (2014).An accounting thesaurus: 500 years of accounting. Elsevier. Chan, M. C., Watson, J., Woodliff, D. (2014). Corporate governance quality and CSR disclosures.Journal of Business Ethics,125(1), 59-73. Chelli, M., Durocher, S., Richard, J. (2014). France's new economic regulations: insights from institutional legitimacy theory.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(2), 283-316. Clegg, S. R., Kornberger, M., Pitsis, T. (2015).Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. Collier, P. M. (2015).Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Cornelissen, J. (2014).Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Cronin, C., De Greiff, P. (Eds.). (2015).Inclusion of the other: Studies in political theory. John Wiley Sons. Czinkota, M., Kaufmann, H. R., Basile, G. (2014). The relationship between legitimacy, reputation, sustainability and branding for companies and their supply chains.Industrial Marketing Management,43(1), 91-101. Dichev, I. D., Graham, J. R., Harvey, C. R., Rajgopal, S. (2013). Earnings quality: Evidence from the field.Journal of Accounting and Economics,56(2), 1-33. Englund, H., Gerdin, J. (2014). Structuration theory in accounting research: Applications and applicability.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(2), 162-180. Evans, R. (2013). Accounting for ethics: Traidcraftplc, UK.Building Corporate Accountability: Emerging Practice in Social and Ethical Accounting and Auditing, 84. Farjaudon, A. L., Morales, J. (2013). In search of consensus: The role of accounting in the definition and reproduction of dominant interests.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,24(2), 154-171. Fernando, S., Lawrence, S. (2014). A theoretical framework for CSR practices: integrating legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory and institutional theory.Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research,10(1), 149-178. Frynas, J. G., Stephens, S. (2015). Political corporate social responsibility: Reviewing theories and setting new agendas.International Journal of Management Reviews,17(4), 483-509. Grossi, G. (2015). Consolidated financial statements in the public sector.Public sector accounting, 63-76. Gynther, R. S. (2014).Accounting for Price-Level ChangesTheory and Procedures: Pergamon International Library of Science, Technology, Engineering and Social Studies. Elsevier. Hahn, R., Khnen, M. (2013). Determinants of sustainability reporting: a review of results, trends, theory, and opportunities in an expanding field of research.Journal of Cleaner Production,59, 5-21. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015).Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hyndman, N., Liguori, M., Meyer, R. E., Polzer, T., Rota, S., Seiwald, J. (2014). The translation and sedimentation of accounting reforms. A comparison of the UK, Austrian and Italian experiences.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(4), 388-408. Jones, R., Lande, E., Lder, K., Portal, M. (2013). A comparison of budgeting and accounting reforms in the national governments of France, Germany, the UK and the US.Financial Accountability Management,29(4), 419-441. Macve, R. (2015).A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat?. Routledge. McLoughlin, C. (2015). When Does Service Delivery Improve the Legitimacy of a Fragile or Conflict?Affected State?.Governance,28(3), 341-356. Murphy, R., Sikka, P. (2015). Unitary taxation: tax base and the role of accounting.Soial Science Research Network. Muttakin, M. B., Khan, A. (2014). Determinants of corporate social disclosure: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh.Advances in Accounting,30(1), 168-175. Needles, B. E., Powers, M., Crosson, S. V. (2013).Principles of accounting. Cengage Learning. Parsons, R., Moffat, K. (2014). Constructing the meaning of social licence.Social Epistemology,28(3-4), 340-363. Parsons, R., Lacey, J., Moffat, K. (2014). Maintaining legitimacy of a contested practice: How the minerals industry understands its social licence to operate.Resources Policy,41, 83-90. Pijper, T. (2016).Creative accounting: The effectiveness of financial reporting in the UK. Springer. Rossi, E. (2014). Legitimacy, Democracy and Public Justification: Rawls Political Liberalism VersusGaus Justificatory Liberalism.Res Publica,20(1), 9-25. Squires, J. (2013).Gender in political theory. John Wiley Sons. Storey, D. J., Keasey, K., Watson, R., Wynarczyk, P. (2016).The performance of small firms: profits, jobs and failures. Routledge. Taylor, I., Walton, P., Young, J. (2013).The new criminology: For a social theory of deviance. Routledge. Tester, K. (2014).Civil Society (RLE Social Theory)(Vol. 2). Routledge. Wallenburg, C. M., Schffler, T. (2014). The interplay of relational governance and formal control in horizontal alliances: a social contract perspective.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(2), 41-58. Zeff, S. A. (2016).Forging accounting principles in five countries: A history and an analysis of trends. Routledge.

Persian Miniature Painting Essay Example For Students

Persian Miniature Painting Essay The central medallion (see figure 4) portrays a male potter in his house reworks, at his wheel accompanied by three male assistants, all engaged in activities related to creating earthen pottery, This scene is overlooked by a bearded male figure, presumably a depiction of the poet (Kamala) himself, The background of the central medallion visually scribes flat structural and architectural spaces with a textile aesthetic i. E. Use of interwoven geometric shapes and saturated colors to dissolve the distinction between positive and negative space, and create a flat, two dimensional tapestry- like viewing experience. The center fifths medallion contains images that might indicate the artists desire to create the illusion of depth by portraying a background setting. A back wall With a separated framed space is shown, Which could be either another painting or a window showing a rocky landscape, with some sparse grasses and a large blossoming tree. The smaller medallions at the top and bottom contain the image of a snow leopard attacking a gazelle, very similar to the preying lion (see figure 3) motif that has been observed in Persian royal art since at least 1000 years ago. For example, this motif is visible in the apse of the dawn at Shirt al. Mafias, Jordan, 740 CE, except it uses a lion, to probably symbolize the authority and strength of the ruler. The outermost border contains foliate patterns that are symmetrical, but have lost the rigid linearity of earlier such Islamic and Persian patterns; the border contains mostly revered lines, and it appears as it the artist purposely used highly saturated color to make the painting stand against the surrounding open space. The patterned body does not create a visual rhythm i. . Encourage the viewers eye to travel. Instead it has a very flat aesthetic, with the weightiness of hung fabric. Thin lines encompass this pattern, and the use of different colors creates the experience of various types of fabric. For example, the delicate lines included in the main body are mainly white, gold and pink and are suggestive of woven lace, in comparison to the border, which contains saturated gold and sapphire blue, whic h can be visualized as belonging to a heavier, more silken fabric, perhaps segregate or velvet. Compositionally, the pattern seems to converge around all three medallions, and seems very suggestive of the popular analog of Islamic foliate design to the Koran notion Of Paradise. These patterns involve very thin lines of similar colors, which combine to create an almost metallic luster. The use Of atypical colors like pink, lavender, and rust is observed, as we notice that the color saturation reduces as the eye travels from the border toward the center of the page. There is no text included within the composition of the image, but it is likely that this painting was superimposed on a border page that might have earlier contained text (see top left corner, above frame of image). Despite the plainness of the image, the central medallion serves as a window into the world within. The artist has created an unusual alignment of view- points, perhaps hoping to create illusionists space and depth. For example, the viewer looks through the medallion into the scene, and then has their perspective directed through the windows/ painting on the background wall into another space with lush gardens. This seems akin to an audiences viewpoint of a theatrical set; the scenes seem to he occurring between draped tapestries. The artist has restricted the viewers experience of plunging depth by creating stacked layers within the image; almost like pouring water through a funnel onto a plate, and then proceeding to pour that water on the plate though another funnel onto yet another plate. Eel this constant visual and spatial guiding and scattering of focus and perspective does not allow the viewer to feel enveloped in the images space; it in fact keeps the viewer at a distance, and creates a theatrical, almost dramatic air. The use of rich materials also highlights the importance given to illumination: light falling on the page would instantly makes the colors and images seem more radiant, a lmost three- dimensional. The choice of colors is also interesting; the high degree Of similarity in their temperatures creates a monochromatic effect, which when illuminated, would be like shining light onto a sheet of metal, even gold. Breezing Up Winslow Homer EssayThis particular example of a Persian miniature is probably a more contemporary creation, perhaps late 19th to early 20th century, as it does not adopt traditional stylistic norms, resonant with the poem itself, which is a breakaway from the formal nature of Persian verse. An influence of McHugh Miniature painting (see figure I) is observed, an Indo- McHugh painting tradition that depicted McHugh court life and culture peaking under the patronage of the McHugh rulers Shah Johan and Changer, which continues to be practiced even today. This style appropriated local customs into orthodox Persian visual language; the subject Of the image is usually presented in the center, framed in a shape, almost like a medallion. There is a heightened textile aesthetic that has lost its flatness and linearity, coupled With a slight hint at depth and space, as he viewer looks into the world of the image though a richly decorated frame. Therefore, it can be postulated that an Islamic artist under British patronage created the work of art being examined in the late 19th century, as this era does see heightened interaction especially between England and South Asia, especially India, due to its colonization in 1757 by the British East India Company. This book painting of the Kuaka Mama is an example of how a traditional style might have been tailored to suit its patrons sensibilities i. E. Victorian England, or even perhaps Englishmen settled in a foreign land who wanted to heighten heir familiarity to local art forms by introducing stylistic elements they were used to seeing. The unusual addition of gold, pink and lavender to the typical color palette of blue and gold creates a monochromatic viewing experience, as these colors are similar in value and temperature. It also uses unusual blue decorative shapes, almost like carthorses (see border of image in Hogue 3), which is uncharacteristic of the Persian style. The overall scale of the painting is much too large to be classified as a miniature book painting, and the proportion of a much larger decorative frame to a smaller painted image is also aberrant. The painter (unknown) has added flowers to the central figures (Kamala) robe, included single words of text in the border to possibly draw attention to the next page, and the presence Of writing beyond the frame in the top- right corner Of the page indicates that this painting avgas probably superimposed on a much older page that probably contained some writing: all Of Which are features that are not witnessed in traditional Persian Painting. The painter has purposely created this painting to exemplify an outlier from a style, Which is quite true to the nature of its inspiration, the Rubricate itself. Eel narrative clarity was not the painters intent: the figures in within the medallion i. E. The potters, bearded Kamala, even the lion and the gazelle all appear to be frozen in time, similar to a photograph. This particular painting is a good example of the emphasized interdependency between visual and literary cultures patronized under Persian rule. The overlapping, interlacing and the almost frolicking visual and direction of focus by the artist suggest that such work was meant for aristocracy and elite. The layers of composition and meaning in this painting indicate that it was robbery meant for enjoyment, to be meditated over, looked into repeatedly, Looking at the complex compositions, meanings, and interpretations to Persian art and literature, we can definitely envision the flamboyance and refinement of their royal court, and argue that to appreciate Persian art was to chew, not swallow, Ill.

Zara Grows as Retail Rivals Struggle an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Zara Grows as Retail Rivals Struggle There are four types of international business strategies, namely; International Strategy, Multi-domestic Strategy, Global Strategy and Transnational Strategy. According to the article, the strategy that Zara Fashion follows is the Global Strategy. Need essay sample on "Zara Grows as Retail Rivals Struggle" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed College Students Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to make my assignment in time? Professional writers suggest: Winning Academic Essay Writing Delivered On Time When following the Global Business Strategy, the firm lets go of customization of products and follows a standard policy everywhere it is operating at. Its production, marketing and research & development are concentrated in a few key areas (most usually the centralized headquarters and centrally administered locations). The focus is on cost reduction as a tool for increasing profitability following the low-cost strategy and standardized products and production processes, in order to achieve economies of scale. There is, hence, a very strong pressure for cost reductions and sustainability. Also, there needs to be a lot of focus on the fluctuating demand patterns of the erratic world economy. Such is the case at Zara Fashions where there is remarkable responsiveness to the fluctuating demand patterns. Their excellent logistics systems narrow down the process of materialization of their products from the core idea from a long period of about nine months to around just two weeks. They concentrate their core operations like productions and research & development to their central location, Spain, and maintain standardization in their products and production processes and strategies, hence following a Global business strategy. There are three different market entry strategies that organizations may implement in order to enter any market, especially when entering an international market. These strategies are, Wave Strategy, Waterfall Strategy and Sprinkler Strategy. Using wave strategy, a firm enters groups of similar markets, one group at a time. First the firm enters the group of markets which are similar to the home market. Once steady revenue starts being generated, it heads for the group of markets which are somewhat different from the home market. After sable revenue generation is reported from the second group, the third group of markets very different from the home market is entered. In a waterfall strategy, one market is entered at a time and all target markets are entered consecutively one by one. The sprinkler strategy is the one when all the targeted markets are entered at the same time with standardized processes and products. Zara Fashion, according to the article, follows the sprinkler strategy as it plans to open around 350 to 450 new outlets during the year 2009 keeping its production and management centralized in Spain and operating at a standardized level everywhere it goes. The average time taken for a normal clothing retail chain to materialize its products from the idea to the drawing board to the actual product ready to be sold in the stores is about nine months. For Zara Fashion, however, this time frame is exceptionally low, being less than just two weeks. This super-efficient logistics system has immense positive effects on the business of Inditex as compared to its competitors like Gap etc and is very evident from its progress and growth as compared to others. It provides it with a great competitive advantage to the firm and helps it respond very quickly to the ever-fluctuating market demands and fashion requirements. Despite the critiques' and analysts' comments and concerns about Inditex's Logistics system not being able enough to handle such a rapid growth and expansion, the management is very positive that the logistics are fully capable of handling the company's growth and expansion at least till the year 2012. Centralization is when the all processes, decisions and authority of a business is concentrated to a central business location and is only in the hands of the top authority. The decision making is limited to the higher management only and the lower management and staff is under a central control. Whereas, decentralization is when the authority and decision making is delegated to lower levels of management and every person in the organization is authorized at a certain level of management and operations according to the hierarchical level it belongs to. According to the article, Zara fashion follows a centralized business strategy managing its processes, production, R&D, and all other procedures in Spain maintain a standardized policy in all areas and markets of operation with very low or no customization at all. References Ellis J., Williams D. (1995). International Business Strategy. Pitman.

15 Last Minute SAT Tips You Should Remember

15 Last Minute SAT Tips You Should Remember SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You only have a couple days before the SAT (or maybe less than a day!), and you’re determined to ace this test! Whether you're looking for last-minute study tips, advice on how to prepare the day of the test, or test-taking strategies to maximize your scores, I've got you covered. Here are a bunch of handy last minute SAT tips that will help you stay focused and raise your scores. General Last Minute Studying Tips Ideally, you'll want to start studying for the SAT long before your test day in order to be well prepared for the exam. However, last minute studying can also be useful for learning some final pieces of information and being fully prepared.If you're studying right before the SAT, you should spend your remaining time wisely.Follow these tips to ensure that the extra effort pays off! Tip 1: Focus on Your Weak Spots It’s tempting to just â€Å"study† by taking a bunch of practice tests, but that can only help your scores so much.Now is the time to drill down into your mistakes and analyze the reasons why you made them. Make sure you understand the route to the correct answer and why your answer choice was incorrect.Even if you just do this for one section, you should start to see major score improvements. Tip 2: Be Time-Conscious You don’t want to be taken by surprise when you hear â€Å"time’s up† on the SAT, and you haven’t gotten to all the questions.Don’t take a whole practice test, but do a few questions and experiment with estimating how much time you’re spending on each.This will help you get a sense of how long 30 seconds or a minute feels so you'll know when you need to skip questions on the real test. You shouldn't be spending more than a minute on SAT Readingquestions or more than 30-45 seconds on SAT Writing questions. On the Math section, I also recommend initially spending no more than a minute on each question in both portions. You technically have more time per question on the calculator part than on the no calculator part, but it's better to be safe than sorry. If you linger too much, you won't have the chance to answer easy questions later in the section! Day of the Test Follow these tips on the morning of the SAT to ensure you start the test prepared and on the right foot. Tip 3: Sleep Strategically Go to bed early, and try to sleep at least seven hours the night before the test. Plan to wake up an hour earlier than you have to;if you just roll out of bed, you might still be sleepy when the test starts. You should be totally alert by the time you get to the test center. Tip 4: Don’t Take the Test Hungry Unless you’re one of those people who gets nauseous if you eat breakfast, you should try and eat before the test.Don’t eat too much (you don’t want to get sleepy again), but snack on something small and high in protein so your brain has something to work with, and visions of waffles don’t start dancing in your head during the test.Also,bring a couple of filling snacks that you can eat during breaks if you end up getting hungry again (nuts and granola bars are good). As for whether you should drink coffee...that depends on the person. If you're already a coffee addict, then you're probably fine with drinking a cup or two before the SAT. Don’t drink it if you’re not used to it because the caffeine could make you anxious and less focused on the test. Tip 5: Dress for Success You want to dress as comfortably as possible.Bring layers so you don’t get distracted by being too hot or too cold. You should also pack up everything you need for the test the night before to ensure that you don’t forget anything. Here's a list of what you should bring to the SAT in case you don't know: Admission Ticket Photo ID Two #2 pencils (non-mechanical) and an eraser Calculator Watch (there will be a clock, but it's easier if you can check the time on your wrist) Water and snacks Wear whatever is most comfortable for you. The testing room is a judgment-free zone. But you might want to take off the mascot head so that you have enough peripheral vision to see your answer sheet. During the Test You'll want to be on your "A" game for the entire SAT. Follow these tips to get the best test-testing experience. Tip 6: Don’t Freak Out It’s much easier said than done - sometimes the more I try to get out of my own head the less successful I am.But really try and shut out anxious thoughts that arise during the test. Do a little mini mindfulness session where you focus on your breathing and nothing else for a couple of seconds. This will lower your blood pressure and clarify your thinking. Remember, the most productive thing you can do right now is to keep on going even if some of the questions scare you.Don’t let yourself fall victim to the vicious cycle of anxiety - lost focus - less efficient test taking - can’t finish sections - MORE ANXIETY. Tip 7: Skip It If you come up against a difficult question, don’t spend a ton of time on it.Already spent a minute looking at a math or reading question and don’t know how to answer it? Skip it.Spent more than 30 seconds looking at a writing question with no success? Skip it. You can circle the questions you skip and come back to them at the end if you have extra time.If you let yourself get bogged down, you might not make it to future easier questions that could earn you more points. Tip 8: Always Guess There's no penalty for wrong answers, so make sure to put something down for every question. Even if it's a completely random guess, there's a chance you'll get it right and earn the point. Tip 9: Take the Breaks Even if you don’t feel like it, take advantage of breaks.They can help reduce your stress and remind you that there's a whole new world that exists outside the testing room.Eat a snack, use the bathroom - you’ll probably feel much more refreshed and prepared to take on the rest of the test. Tip 10: Check Your Answers! Have a few minutes at the end of a section?I know you’re tired, but go back and check your answers.Dumb mistakes are frustrating, and usually they can be corrected if you just look over the questions again. You can also use this time to make sure you filled out the answer sheet correctly and didn’t accidentally skip a question and bubble in the wrong answers. Tip : Use Evidence in Your Essay If you're planning on taking the (now optional) essay portion of the new SAT, you'll have to read a passage and analyze the author's argument. Make sure that you use direct evidence from the passage to back up your points and show the validity of your analysis. As you're reading the passage, underline any sentences or phrases that you think you might use in your essay to explain how the author builds an argument. Tip 12: Use Everything the SAT Gives You, and Take Shortcuts This applies to all sections of the SAT. If youthink you couldn’t possibly figure out the answer to a question, make sure you exhaust all resources at your disposal before guessing (although as I said, you can skip it on your first pass through the section!). Remember that this isn’t like a normal test. No one cares if you show your work or use the â€Å"right† method to solve a problem, so take shortcuts to solutions if you can find them. Here are some relevant things to keep in mind about each section: Reading On reading, don’t be intimidated by an unknown word. Especially on the new version of the SAT, you can almost alwaysuse context cluesto approximate its definition. Save time by skimming the passages in the reading section when you first get to them. If you need to you can read certain sections more closely later to answer specific questions. Take reading passages at face value.If the answer isn’t DIRECTLY supported by what you read in the passage, don’t choose it. Writing Watch out for the â€Å"no change† answers. If you notice you’re getting a lot of them (more than a quarter of your answers to questions that have "no change" as an option), check those questions again to make sure you didn’t miss something. Study thegrammar rules that are on the SAT, follow them, and don’t overthink it. Math Sometimes math problems will give you a diagram of a shape, and you're supposed to find an area, angle measurement, or other dimension. Usually, the most logical answer based on what you see is correct. For example, if you're trying to find the measurement of a tiny-looking acute angle, you can rule out 80 degrees as an answer. On the calculator portion of the Math section, use the computing power of your calculator to its full advantage. If you come across questions about graphs of equations, use the graphing function. At the same time, don't overuse your calculator to the point where it's costing you more time. Be smart about when you need it and when it's faster to just do things the old-fashioned way. And if you haven’t already, reviewthis list of formulas you should know for the SAT. If you start to do something crazy and complicated for a math problem, you’re probably going down the wrong path! The SAT tests simple concepts that are sometimes presented in weird formats. Above all, remember that multiple choice is a gift; the answer is right in front of you even if you don’t see it right away. Oh boy, I hope it's Multiple Choiceâ„ ¢! After the Test Even after you've finished the SAT there are still some important tips to keep in mind. Tip 13: Be Aware: You Can Cancel Your Scores If you're concerned about your scores because you know something went horribly wrong on the test, you are allowed to cancel them. You must submit your written request for cancelation to the College Board by midnight on the Wednesday after the test. For advice on whether you should cancel your scores and how to go about doing it, read this article. Tip 14: Taking the Test Again? Consider the Question-and-Answer Service or Student Answer Service If you know you're going to take the SAT again, you should think about ordering one of the services the College Board offers for you to review your scores in more detail. These can be very useful studying tools because they will show you your weak spots in a real test environment. For more information on these services, read this article. Tip 15: Don't Get too Stressed It's important to give yourself time to decompress and relax after the test! Try not to stress out too much about what may have gone wrong. It’s out of your hands now, and your time and energy are much better spent doing other things that you enjoy for the rest of the weekend. What's Next? Are you trying to decide whether to retake the SAT? This guide will help you make a decision. Then you can start planning when you'll register for the test again. If you want to get a head start on studying for your next test date, check out these study plans for sophomores and juniors, rising seniors, and our complete plan for all students. You should also figure out your target score so you can plan accordingly. Also, check out our guides for how to get an 800 on each section of the SAT to get more specific tips for raising your scores! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by SAT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

African Islamic movement in the United States Essay

African Islamic movement in the United States - Essay Example Islam has deep origins in the African-American practice of religion, roots that can be traced back to the period of slavery and early 20th century black Sunni communities in the United States. Islam played a greatly encouraging and ideological role in the evolution of a distinct African-American identity This study will outline the spiritual, ideological and psychological way for tracing the course of Islamic expansion within the United States and how has the matter of race in the United States influenced the practices and the community experiences of black Sunni Muslims who conventionally see Islam as a color and race-blind religion.Malcolm X's Hajj in 1964 and Warith Deen Mohammed's transformation of the Nation of Islam into an orthodox community in 1975 are two of the more recent visible signs of the importance of mainstream Islam in the African-American experience (American Black Islam, 1989). African Americans comprise about 42% of the Muslim population in the United States, whi ch conservatively is somewhere between four to six million; and Sunni African-American Muslims are the predominant community in the United States today.Muslim slaves-involuntary settlers, who had been the urban-ruling elite in West Africa - comprised at least 15% of the slave populace in North America in the 18th and 19th centuries. Their spiritual and racial roots could be tracked to ancient black Islamic monarchy in Ghana, Mali, and Sohghay. Some of these West African Muslim slaves brought the first mainstream Islamic beliefs and practices to America by keeping Islamic names, writing in Arabic, fasting during the month of Ramadan, praying five times a day, wearing Muslim clothing, and writing and reciting the Qur'an (McCloud, 1995). By the end of the Civil War, the old Islam of the West African Muslim slaves was for all realistic purposes obsolete, because these Muslims were not able to develop community establishment to maintain their faith. When they died, their version of Islam, which was African-American, personal, and with conventional and unorthodox practices disappeared. Early 20th-Century Mainstream Communities In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Pro-Africanist ideas of Edward Wilmot Blyden (1832-1912), which criticized Christianity for its racial discrimination and recommended Islam as a feasible alternative faith for African Americans, offered the political agenda for Islam's influence on black Americans. Furthermore, the global outlook of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association and the Great relocation of more than one million black southerners to northern and Midwestern cities during the World War I era offered the social and political background for the emergence of African-American mainstream communities from the 1920s to the 1940s. The Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, an unorthodox disciple community from India, set the foundation for conventional Islam in Black America, by imparting African Americans with their first Qur'an, significant Islamic literature and culture, and association to the mainstream world of Islam. Black Sunni Muslims can track their ancestry in the United States in the early 20th century to two multi-ethnic communities: the Islamic Mission of America, led by Shaykh Daoud Ahmed Faisal in New York City, and the First Mosque of Pittsburgh (Marsh, 1984). Shaykh Daoud, was born in Morocco and migrated to the United States from Grenada. He was greatly influenced by the Muslim migrant societies, by Muslim sailors from Yemen, Somalia, and Madagascar, and by the Ahmadi version of the Qur'an. He established the Islamic Mission of America, also known as the State Street Mosque, in New York City in 1924. This was the first African-American conventional muslim community in the United States. The president of the Muslim Ladies Cultural Society was none other than Shaykh Daoud' s wife, "Mother" Khadijah Faisal, who possessed Pakistani Muslim and black Caribbean ancestry. The Islamic

The Benefits and Disadvantages of Country Living Essay

The Benefits and Disadvantages of Country Living - Essay Example This means that even though you can easily find public transport it will take you much longer to reach your destination because of the high traffic. According to the Texas Transportation Institute cities with the worst traffic include Long Beach, Santa Ana, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington D.C, Fort Worth, Dallas, Texas, Houston, Chicago, Arlington, Riverside, Detroit, San Jose, San Diego, Orlando and Atlanta (Malone). If you live in the country you must have your own otherwise transport is almost impossible however it takes much less time because of the peaceful roads.It is not only public transport that is a problem, the lack of other amenities such as branded stores and eating places is also a hassle. There are much less extracurricular activities to enjoy. If you are bored in the city you can watch a movie, go to a concert, eat out at a fine restaurant or cafà © or simple hang out at a bar; there are countless places to choose from. A significant difference in the quality of education in the city and the country also leads to many people moving to the cities. There are so many good schools and universities in the city where you can achieve excellent education whereas in the country you will find that educational institutes are limited and sometimes the courses or classes offered are limited too as compared to the city where there are numerous education opportunities. Although it may seem strange the cost of living in the country has risen by 20 percent for the more remote areas (Charlotte). So this is one aspect you need to keep in mind before you decide to settle in the countryside. The distances between places are greater which means more fuel costs. But an advantage is that you will get to walk more which is a very healthy workout. The air is also cleaner in the country so you will be exercising without even realizing.

Security Threats and Defenses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Security Threats and Defenses - Essay Example It is therefore the responsibility of any success oriented organization to enlighten its employees on the underlying security threat. An ethical, well goal oriented team is always desired. Information security is a major concern to all organizations. It ought to be part of every organization’s internal controls and operations. These controls ought to be internalized in a way that the employees are made to realize that violation of security puts them at a greater risk. These services to make employees feel their loyalty is crucial to the success of the business. In addition, information security need be given priority and adopted as a distinct value in any institutional culture governing staff behavior. It is therefore necessary to review security policies by offering training forums to employees. Another way of promoting security is by way of regularly reviewing security guidelines to ensure they are relevant an in line with the expected performance. Communication between the management and the employees ought to be health for security purposes. This aids in that employees can report underlying identified security threats before they occur. Healthy communication patterns not only boost security, but also save the company from incurring unnecessary costs arising from security compromises. Fraudsters have devised many forms of interfering with the security systems of organizations. For instance, there has been intensive use of ignorance of controls by employees. This occurs in organizations where employees think some process are long and bureaucratic and hence, want a quick way out of it. Ignorance is no defense as it compromises the security of an organization (Hadnagy, 2011). It also occurs where employees are not well briefed on internal controls and information security patterns of an organization. Proper security training need to be impacted on the employees to avoid embarrassment when sensitive and confidential information is

The Maesks Lines Philosophy

The Maesks Lines Philosophy The Maesrsk Line Company is the global containerized division of the A.P. Moller. The company delivers its services across the world through ocean transportation services. They built their vision and their mission from a strong constant care, heritage of uprightness, and innovation, and this vision has made a path for their business operations since Maersk lines first vessel sailed in 1904. The focus and commitment to this vision made them able to expand the business and become largest ocean carrier of the world. And they are constantly recognized as the most reliable container shipping company. A.P. Moller Maersk Group headquarters at the waterfront in Copenhagen, Denmark The fleet of the maersk line is consist of more than 600 vessels and the total number of containers is more than 3,800,000 TEU*. This shows a comprehensive and reliable coverage worldwide. Maesks Lines Philosophy: We share the same values and principles of business with the maesks line group to be a known, highly respected and world-class group. The founder Mr. A.P. Moller wrote Loss should not hit us, and constant care is needed for it. These words are highly followed and having deep meaning at the company. Word constant care is highly focused on the safety and good health of the employees and others in the industry and environment around them. Our Values: The core values of the Maersk line group are the demonstration n of constant care, regard for our employees, humbleness and uprightness and the protection of the name of the company. The success lies in the fulfillment of these values while carrying out the business. Our business principles: The maersk fundamental business principles is comprises of how do we conduct our business, these principles are applicable on national as well as international legislation. Environment: Our constant care also revolves around the protection of environment. We maximize the use of the resources and handle the waste. The policy regarding environmental protection is we focus on the protection of the environment and environmental consideration is our first priority in conducting our business. Our mission: We provide opportunities in global commerce. Company facts and information: Maersk Line is the leading container shipping company all over the world. It has more than 600 vessels and more than 3, 800, 0000 (a container is 20 feet long). It shows the comprehensive and reliable coverage all over the world. http://www.maerskline.com/globalimage/?path=/media_room/company001 What is container shipping? Containerization, it is large and worldwide system of intermodal cargo transport by using standardized containers. This can be sealed and reloaded onto container ships, trucks and planes, railroad cars. Before the containers were introduced, it was time consuming and expensive to handle the cargo for sea transportation. The containers have brought change in that and it made transport easier and affordable than ever before. All the types of commodities and the type of goods can be carried and loaded in the box; as a result the modernized container shipping has changed the ways of transportation around the world and played a vital role in globalization. Sustainability: Since it is a biggest shipping line in the world, Maersk Line plays a vital role in facilitating efficient and reliable supply chains for many companies. It is recognized that the position of maersk line as an enabler of global trade have brought great opportunities. Global trade of manufactured goods has increased over 100 times, from 95 billion USD to 12 trillion in the last 5 decades. Today 90% of global trade is done through ocean transport and containerization have played very important role in this development. Awards and Recognition: Maersk Line wins Shipping Company of the Year award in the Middle East (14 December 2012) Maersk Line takes home two Global Freight Awards (26 November 2012) Maersk Line wins Lloyds List Environment Award for the Middle East and Indian Subcontinent (19 October 2012) Maersk Line wins Clean Excellence Award (25 September 2012) Maersk Line wins Social Media Campaign of the Year Award (17 September 2012) Maersk Line wins 2012 Best Global Shipping Line Award (7 June 2012) Maersk Lines à gnes Hernà ¡d wins Best Young Manager of the Year (20 February 2012) Maersk Line Wins Shipping Line of the Year Award (1 December 2011) Maersk Line wins two awards at AFSCA 2011 Maersk wins European Business Award 2010 Maersk Line Best Global Shipping Line, Best Shipping Line for Asia-Europe, and Best Green Service Provider Shipping Line 2009. Maersk Line awarded Container Shipping Line of the Year 2007 Maersk Line wins Best Global Shipping Line 2006 Maersk Sealand named Best global shipping line 2005 HR Processes: i. Recruitment and selection at Maersk Line: Maersk Line strictly follows the Equal employment opportunity Law while hiring candidates for a particular department. They make sure no discrimination take place throughout the procedure of hiring an employee. The advantage of strictly following such law is that Maersk Line never faces any problem pertaining to legal complexities and law suits regarding the hiring of candidates. The recruitment process starts with the submission of online application by a candidate and a confirmation pop-up appears on the screen. A reply will be sent within few days so that the applications can be reviewed carefully. Applications are reviewed on the basis of some standard tools so that company can make it sure that a candidate is eligible for giving interviews. The mediums of recruitment which they prefer are: Employment Agencies: These agencies make links between the employers and employees. Internet: The advertisements on different job websites, which capture the a huge pool of candidates who can apply to get the job they are capable for. Social media can be a great source for discovering passive candidates those who are employed but open to changing jobs for the right opportunity who represent nearly half of all currently employed talent. Because the desired opportunities rarely exist on job boards, and job seekers are participating in communities all over the web With the advent of social media, companies have more information than ever on job candidates, and the process of evaluating those candidates can be lengthy. In the past, companies tried to determine candidate fit through their rà ©sumà ©s. Today, employers perform web searches on candidates, learn more about them from social media, and examine their work samples.. Social media is like a goldmine of information. In the future, it will not only emerge as a strong source for hiring but also serve to enhance the employer brand, says SY Siddiqui, chief operating officer administration (HR, finance, IT, company law and legal, Maruti Suzuki India. Social media enables employees and employers to connect and communicate in a more cohesive manner. Recruiting through social networking websites is more cost-effective compared to traditional forms of hiring that include placement consultants, posting advertisements in different forms of media and participation in job fairs Employee Referrals Its an internal recruiting method which identifies their potential candidates from the existing workforces social networks. This scheme encourages existing employees to choose the suitable candidate for a particular job from their social networks. A referral bonus is given to referring employee as a reward. It is the most efficient and cost effective method for recruitment. Announcement on the official website They announce the new jobs on their official website i.e. www.maerskline.com. Website has the particular portion of vacancies and the whole process of how to apply is mentioned. Evaluation of internal labor supply When evaluating an employee for a periodic review, a raise, or a promotion, we need to have a checklist to measurable performance, this applied consistently to all members of our department. ATTENDANCE: We check the employees attendance, and we check either employee had a negative impact on the departments productivity or morale? Also we check if the employees attendance has been exemplary? ATTITUDE / COOPERATION: We evaluate what is the employees attitude towards department, towards company and towards the work in general? Is he or she feels pleasure or unpleasant to work? Is the employee reasonably flexible when asked to perform a job function outside his or her normal duties, or to work outside his or her normal hours for a special project? COMMUNICATION SKILLS: We check does the employee have the ability to adequately communicate with managers or with customers? Have there been any issues created or solved due to the employees communication skills? FOCUS: Is the employee able to maintain focus on the task assigned to him or her? IMPROVEMENT FROM PREVIOUS EVALUATION: We see if the employee moves towards improvement from the previous performance evaluation? INTEGRITY: We strictly monitor the employees ethical behavior in the workplace? Does he or she respect the privacy of other employees and of customers? DEADLINES: Is the employee able to consistently meet productivity requirements and project deadlines? QUALITY OF WORK: We take a record of feedbacks given by the customers regarding the quality of employees work? RELIABILITY: We also identify employees who are reliable in especially bad situations? We check the level of competency and dependability. MANAGING STRESS:- How does the employee deal with changes in the work environment? and how does the employee interact with other members of the department when tensions are high? PERFORMANCE LEVELS Needs Improvement :- In this case employee has not fully met the requirements of the job or is not able to perform in a way that the job duties required. Here employee needs additional training or practice to meet standards. Meets Standards In this case employee faces no difficulty applying the technical knowledge requirements of the position. Exceeds Standards Here employee often exceeds standards in some aspects of the job and consistently meets standards in all remaining aspects. They prefer Internal Labor Supply over External: Those positions which are at higher levels and become vacant due to transfers, deaths, demotions and promotions, are filled by the internal employees who are already familiar with the required managerial roles and responsibilities of those positions. These positions are then posted on the notice boards throughout the PSO offices and are also posted on a software device that is displayed on almost every computer desktop at PSO offices. The interested employees are screened, interviewed and positioned. The criteria of selecting the internal employee depend on requirements of the qualification, age and experience recommended by the line manager ii. Selecting and interviewing Process: Selection process: Advertise Test 1st Interview 2nd Interview HIRE There is a predetermined criterion for hiring of candidates, which includes Logical and personality Test It is the standardized instruments of testing individuals character of psychological makeup. It also reveals the aspects of how logical the candidate is. These tests play an important role in making the selection process easier. Behavioral Interviews These interviews discover the behavior of an interviewee. It reveals that how an interviewee acted in particular situation faced in the past. And it will predict that how he or she will act in the future. In traditional interviews there is a series of question asked, that has the straight forward answers Like what challenges did you face? How did u handle them? Or what are your strengths and weaknesses?But in the behavioral interviews questions are more pointed and more specific than questions in the traditional interview. Like describe any example of a goal reached by you and how did you achieved it? or how did you work effectively when you were under pressure? In order to get selected, candidates must fulfill the criteria they are tested upon. English grammar English Comprehension Basic Mathematics Identification of Resources required in particular Department: Need Analysis Departmental Goals Organizational Goals Interviewing Process: Two structured interviews are generally conducted of a candidate at Maersk Line. The first interview is conducted by Human Resources which are focused on the candidates personal skills and capabilities. They use online or hard copy assessment tools to try to form an objective picture of candidates personal characteristics and logical capabilities and a feedback is provided as a part of the process. The second interview is normally conducted by the hiring manager who makes the final hiring decisions and focuses on the specific qualities and skills which are required for the particular job. The whole recruitment process usually takes 4 to 6 weeks; it could be vary depending on the locations. iii. Orientation and Trainings: Training and development is a continuous process, and is designed to bring about a change in attitude of employees with respect to the job they are doing, the people around them, the new procedures, the new techniques and skills that they can use. It is also to make them more conscious of their responsibilities and how to perform them effectively. Therefore, all training is planned and coordinated in a systematic manner by the company, in term so identifying following needs and the skills required in the company. The training and skill development efforts are not confined to a formal class room course but extended in all directions, hence, helping to improve the productivity of employees by imparting useful knowledge and training in the areas, which are neglected, and to add up to the most of their strengths. The growth of the employees is not only a short term vision of enhancing inputs through skills based on training but also an effort for the long term development of employees by education and planned management development inputs. Types of Training at Maersk Line: Orientation Program: Newly inducted employees are given a short orientation course to familiarize them with the company, organizational functions, activities, policies, procedures and programs. This type of training program may be arranged on individual basis or group class room training, depending on number of participants available. The duration and contents of the course is determined to meet the needs of individual concerned in consultation with respective departmental heads. Depending on the type of job, newly hired employees, as well as the promotes assigned to new field of activities, are given on the job training for a period ranging from one week to four weeks, as may be deemed necessary. They make sure that people are empowered to do their job well Indoor simulators: Job knowledge is an essential part of everyones responsibility in any position. Since technology, methodology, processes are changing at a fast pace, it is imperative that employees should learn new skills and techniques through specialized and technical courses organized within the company. Seminars and constructive discussion groups: Seminars are conducted to spread the awareness regarding different programs plus it provides a platform for the employer and the employees to socialize. Group case studies play an important role in a constructive discussion between the employees. Practical exposure and experiences: As a trainee in their company an employee will be given a responsibility from day 1 and will be provided with a proper toolkit enabling him to experience a real job. The Maersk group runs a trainee program which provides opportunities to get solid and a broad shipping knowledge. The applicants will be the part of business represented in many countries they are looking for energetic, passionate about shipping and eager to learn individuals who can apply as a Chartering or Operation Trainee in this program. Chartering Trainee: as a chartering trainee, he or she will be responsible for fixing the vessels and cargos. You are to ensure that the vessels sail with the right cargo. Operation Trainee: As an operation trainee employee will be responsible to make sure that the operations of vessels are efficient and safe. And will have to perform following tasks. Issuing voyage instructions Appointing agents Planning bunkering Market voyage analysis Handling insurance and legal matters The trainee will have a broad network of stakeholders including agents, ship managers, port captains and charters. iv. Performance Management: To maintain a sustainable Performance of an employee, Maersk Human resource management measures some of the main factors which has a high impact on employees performances. Work output Personal Competency Goals achieved Performance appraisal Methods at Maersk Line: HR managers should be very careful while selecting methodology used to measure performance of an individual. Maersk Line uses the following methods. MBO Each employee is assign with the specific tasks and goals, and then the progress of those goals is reviewed periodically. Goal setting is done by mainly focusing on the Organizational goals. Secondly the departmental goals are assigned to different departments working in the company, then these goals are discussed with the employees and employees get to know what is expected from them, which defines their individual goals. Finally the progress of these goals is reviewed and employees receive feedbacks. Paired ranking method Ranking employees by making a chart of all possible pairs of the employees for each trait and indicating which one is the better employee of the pair. Forced distribution method Similar to grading on curve; predetermined percentages of rates are placed in various performance categories. Example: 15% high performers 20% high-average performers 30% average performers 20% low-average performers 15% low performers Goals achieved The process starts when HR throws performance appraisal forms to different departments. This appraisal form has two sides: Employee Development Report-1 (EDR1) Employee Development Report-2 (EDR2) EDR-1 In EDR1 employee he identifies the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), the employees themselves set the objectives and targets for the following year. EDR-2 In EDR2 it is the line manager who rates the employee performance by quoting significant performance achievements and deficiencies for the past year. He indicates what development and training will employee need in the future according to the highlighted areas in the current year. When both of them end up the negotiation then the appraisal form is sent to HR department for further follow up of the respective training or development arrangements. This way the Performance appraisal system reaches to end. These performance appraisal methods are very useful in order to maintain competition and for employees to focus on Key performance indicators (KPIs). And the results extracted from these methods become the basis of promotion, rewards, incentives, bonuses, or layoff and punishment for an employee. Compensation Benefits: Since the Maersk line is very careful in maintaining the equality among their employees, they never face any equity issue. The wages and salaries are set on the basis of employees Education Experience Market conditions Human capabilities The pay raise is given to an employee on the yearly basis. Maersk line negotiate the salary with a candidate on his own terms and conditions only when the job is highly skilled, when company wants to retain its loyal employee and when an employee is an exceptional performer. v. Career Development at Maersk Line: Maersk line is highly involved in investment in training and education. Over the years A.P. Moller maersk group has its own training system which is implemented over the years and constantly updated. And it is directed towards meeting the global and international organizations particular requirement. Their experience shows that the employee cannot be evaluated solely on the basis of written applications and the examination results. It is essential that the personal impression of the individual behind the papers should be evaluated. Everybody who is formally eligible and has the qualification required for the certain position, can expect to be invited for the interview with Human Resource Department at Maersk line. Maersk Line believes that career development is one of the most important steps in maintaining organizational performance. Maersk Line always helps its employees to build their career and achieve their personal goals by giving their best. And contribution which is made by the company is: Job enlargement Job enlargement is a job design technique wherein there is an increase in the number of tasks associated with a certain job. In other words, it means increasing the scope of ones duties and responsibilities. The increase in scope is quantitative in nature and not qualitative and at the same level. Task related training is not required much since the person is already aware of the same or doing it for some time. Benefits of Job Enlargement The following are the major benefits of Job enlargement Increased Work Flexibility: There is an addition to the number of tasks an individual performs. There is thus an increased scope of carrying out tasks that are versatile and yet very similar in certain aspects. No Skills Training Required: Since the individual has already been performing the task in the past, there is no great requirement for imparting of new skills. However people and time management interventions may be required. The job thus gets more motivational for the one performing it. Job Rotation Job Rotation is a management approach where employees are shifted between two or more assignments or jobs at regular intervals of time in order to expose them to all verticals of an organization. It is a pre-planned approach with an objective to test the employee skills and competencies in order to place him or her at the right place. In Maersk line we offer Job rotation which is a well-planned practice to reduce doing same type of job everyday and explore the hidden potential of an employee. The process serves the purpose of both the management and the employees. It helps management in discovering the talent of employees and determining what he or she is best at. On the other hand, it gives an individual a chance to explore his or her own interests and gain experience in different fields or operations. It is important to recognize when the employee is ready for promotion, because if an employee will not be promoted at the right time he might get demotivated. Maersk line recognizes such employees when there is availability of position and employees exhibition of competencies for performance in the new role. In case, when the employee leaves the organization when his/her promotion plan is ready, the HR gives someone else dual responsibilities for the time being. PROBLEM IDENTIFIED AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS i. Problem: There are number of potential drawbacks in different stages. One of the greatest concerns regarding relying too much on employee referrals could become the reason of limited diversity at workplace. Hiring from the same existing networks may bound a company to capture diverse pool of candidate, it is good for reducing cost expenditure but on the other hand it could become the big hurdle for the company if the company is relying on such method too heavily. This simple method could have many risks, e.g. when there is a need to fill particular Job the simple question is asked from the existing employees i.e. Is there anyone in your mind who can fill this Job? In response to this question employees may think of the potential benefits for their close ones in their network, rather than thinking constructively for the organization. It is not necessary that every time a new employee comes in through reference is beneficial for the company, it carries risks with it, it could take time to measure his/her effectiveness, and if the new employee is not prod uctive, eventually it will increase the cost of the company and employee will become the liability on the company. Solution: There is certain planning and strategies which can save the company from these problems Communicate the benefits to employees for the successful referrals; give them rewards, incentives and bonuses for the successful referral. This strategy can change the way employees think when they are asked to bring the best candidate for the particular job, now they will think of the best candidate in their mind, who will serve the company most efficiently and effectively. The reward amount should be sufficient enough to motivate the employees who make referrals but not too much that may lead them to make referrals of unqualified candidates. The bonuses should be given in installments because the effectiveness of the new employee cannot be measured in few days, it may take time. In order to be safe from a big loss company should make payments of bonuses in installments. The company may limit the number of bonus qualifying referrals that is made by each employee per year. This will reduce the number of employee referrals per year. The mandatory qualification and specifications should be clearly mentioned and delivered to the employees who make referrals. It will reduce the risk of getting unqualified employees. All the requests for employee referrals should be added to the pool of the candidates. ii. Problem: The advertisement for the Job which is offered by the company is very much important in order to gather a better pool of candidates. Maersk Line is highly dependent on the internet as medium of advertisement for the jobs. They dont prefer NEWSPAPER for the advertisement of their Jobs; as a result they are missing a large number of candidates who prefer Newspapers to find jobs. Solution: In order to get better employees a company must have a large pool of candidate so that it can be used for hiring employees when there is a need to fill the job in emergency. Newspaper plays an important role in spreading awareness among public. Since its an oldest and most popular medium of advertisements civilized and educated people read newspaper as a matter of habit in all over the world. Therefore it has a wide and general appeal. The message can reach a large number of audiences quickly. Choosing the best newspaper is also important, so the Maersk line can improve its pool of candidates by spreading word through Newspaper. iii. Problem: When we asked them; Has it ever happened that an employee might have left the Organization due to some reason; while the HR had plans for his promotion ready? Yes No They chose YES, And then we asked the next question; With Reference to the above scenario, what did the HR do? (If the above Question is answered as a NO, then suppose a scenario with the above details answer this question, what would the HR do?) Promote an immediate subordinate Bring in a Contingent Employee Give someone dual responsibilities for the time being Hire an individual from a pool of already collected CVs. They chose the third option which is Give someone dual responsibilities for the time being It may create a problem we identified, because in case of fulfillment of the job which has been left empty by the previous employee due to any reason, Maersk Line shifts the tasks to other employees. This creates a burden on them. Assigning dual responsibilities to an employee may become the reason of his/her demotivation. The workload given to someone more than his/her capacity may push them towards demotivation. As a result that employee may leave the Job which actually creates a problem for the company. Solution: It is normal that when employees get better options and more secured jobs they switch their jobs. If we see the answer of first question we asked, it shows that maersk line has issues with their employees regarding their promotions. The timing of the promoting employees is not accurate, that is why it leads employees to leave the job right before the promotion. The main problem is to put dual responsibilities on existing employee rather than promoting him/her to that post. The Maersk line lacks the succession planning; they prefer distributing the responsibilities instead of immediate fulfillment of the empty position. Because it is the best time to get benefit, by promoting the employees to fill the job and if the company doesnt find any potential candidate among the existing employees who can fill the post, then they should focus on the pool of the candidates. It ensures that the collected CVs are not useless iv. Problem: Maersk Line doesnt have any well defined strategy to retain their employees who are really important for the companys growth. It usually happens in Maersk Line that employees leave the organization due to some reason; while the HR had plans for their promotion ready. Recruitment is an expensive process, and when employees leave the jobs it is actually a loss in the cost incurred in the recruitment process. Solution: Hiring employees is an important stage but to keep them in your organization is also very important to be safe from the high employee turnover costs. In order to retain the employees, maersk line should create some tactics to retain their employees. These tactics may include: Offering competitive benefits: Give rewards and incentives Provide some small perks: Conduct stays interviews in addition to exit interviews Promote whenever poss