The Status Of Afro-Americans At The Turn Of The 20th Century Essay

The Status Of Afro-Americans At The Turn Of The twentieth Century - Essay Example At the turn of the twentieth century, in spite of equivalent rights as residents, the Afro-American people group ( 95 % of which was in the Southern States), confronted a sharp financial and political gap. (Kelley and Lewis 347). As the sharecropping network of African American ranchers were progressively pushed out by white ranchers, a wonder of urban movement started to the urban areas of the North †New York, Philadelphia and Chicago (the Great Migration 1916-17). Another pattern started in American culture, that of racial isolation into ghettos. (Kelley and Lewis 356). In the interim as lynchings in the South proceeded with well into the initial barely any decades, racial viciousness spread into the urban areas too with associations like the Ku Klux Klan invading the northern urban communities. The occasions and patterns that flagged a change from the 1900's onwards was an expanded impulse for network working for Afro-Americans : places of worship, organizations, schools, clubs and hotels (Kelley and Lewis 366). The Church specifically turned into a significant piece of Afro-American people group life, and the concentration for political activism and scholarly administration that would multiply over the coming decades. The other significant wonder was the development of the Afro-American ladies' club development, as the positions of the National Association of Colored ladies (NACW) developed to 100,000 by 1920 from just 5,000 in the late 1890's. (Kelley and Lewis 369).

Beauty Pageants Free Essays

Children’s excellence exhibitions have been around for quite a while. Little children and Tiaras is a show, in view of moms living their fantasy survives their youngsters. The moms dress their little youngsters as though they are developed models. We will compose a custom article test on Magnificence Pageants or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now My out look in general circumstance is that little multi year old young ladies, ought not be contending in excellence pagents. Counterfeit teeth, tans, eye lashes, and hair make these youngsters look just as they are in their adolescents. No youngster ought to need to contend in looking â€Å"beautiful† or â€Å"the best†. Youngsters their ages ought to be glad and not care what individuals think. Most youngsters in their age bunches are playing outside, not caring what their hair and cosmetics resembles. They are young ladies, not adolescents. The guardians of these young ladies hope for something else from these youngsters then they should. The external magnificence of these young ladies, appears to be a higher priority than inward. I don’t concur with the manner in which these youngsters are being raised, yet it’s the guardians who decide to do this to their kids. Concerning these youngsters, as they grow up they will be held high above everybody and won't comprehend what it’s like to work for things. One of the contentions against children’s magnificence expos has to do with pedophilia and this may support that. What I’m generally worried about is the message that it sends to young ladies and the undesirable connections that it propagates among parent and kid. The most noticeably terrible piece of the entire circumstance is that the kids are going in front of an audience moving provocatively and â€Å"flirting† with the appointed authorities. As youthful as these youngsters are they ought not realize how to move or â€Å"flirt† as they do. While I don’t accept that it energizes pedophilia, it unquestionably will give that kid a twisted feeling of the significance of female sexuality. All through the show there are numerous events appropriated, however the ones that I’ve seen on the shows are the â€Å"Glitz† expos. During the â€Å"Glitz† expos the young ladies are relied upon to have shower tans, pounds of cosmetics, flippers; counterfeit teeth, and phony hair. Its one thing to apply some lip sparkle and a couple of hot rollers. It’s another to cause a multi year old to take after a Vegas show young lady. On the off chance that there will be an expo for kids that includes magnificence, at any rate it ought to include the child’s common excellence and highlights. One of the contentions for shows is that it advances fearlessness and that the youngsters have a fabulous time doing it. As this might be valid, the kids are being instructed at a youthful age that it is alright to dress, move and act improper to get consideration. The main thing these events are instructing kids is that wearing pounds of cosmetics, and seeming as though a Barbie doll, is alright. As these youngsters develop, they will hold themselves above everybody, and will anticipate that everybody should regard them as though they are great. The most effective method to refer to Beauty Pageants, Essay models

Catcher in the Rye Essay: The Need for Control -- Catcher Rye Essays

Requirement for Control in Catcher in the Ryeâ â â With his work, The Catcher in the Ryeâ J. D. Salinger made an abstract piece that was totally interesting. The whole novel was composed from the primary individual perspective of the 17-year-old kid Holden Caulfield. Most of the story is aggregated of Holden's simple monolog of â€Å"complexly simple† contemplations, the rest using his transfer of past exchange. That, alongside the utilization of extraordinary accentuation, deviating clarifications, and complex portrayal, changes the basic plot into a complex artistic great. The tale's discourse and monolog the same figure out how to transfer the vibe of regular talking, for example, I mean you'd be diverse somehow or another - I can't clarify what I mean. The compressions â€Å"you'd† and â€Å"can't†, since they are normal in ordinary language, set up an exceptionally normal and straightforward tone. Weight on the primary syllable of various strengthens the tone by exhibiting how commonly they talk. He utiliz es runs for stops and the motioning of affiliated diversions. Rather than for flagging stops, commas are utilized just where precisely required. So out of nowhere, I ran like a maniac over the road - I d*** close got myself executed doing it, in the event that you need to know reality - and went in this fixed store and purchased a cushion and pencil. ***CITE THIS???***  â â â â â â â â â Holden Caulfield makes an intriguing perspective. By all accounts, a large number of his idea designs appear to be inconsequential and stray from the point. His relationship of subject with straying is utilized continually all through the novel. In any case, understanding that these diversions are important and even pivotal to the theme, he permits the peruser to increase genuine knowledge into the character. His announcements ... ... His being the solitary enormous individual communicates his craving of being in charge. The playing in the rye field close to an insane precipice would delineate the proximity to his fall while being careless in regards to the peril. His one wish is to have the option to forestall this, to be in charge. At that point, subsequent to building up his desires, he thinks of it as outlandish by communicating considerations of it's madness. He has settled that he can't be in charge, however it is all he needs. In a world before options in contrast to his difficult way of life, what can Holden do however indiscriminately play the game in the rye field, directly close to his bluff of mental stability. Yet, life is a game, kid. Life is a game that one must carry on reasonably.  Book index third version Psychology (Bernstein-Stewart, Roy, Srull, and Wickens) Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, Massachusetts 1994  NOTES ***YOU MUST CITE ALL THE QUOTES FROM THE NOVEL***

Zappos How does the work fit into the wider literature - 550 Words

Zappos: How does the work fit into the wider literature? (Speech Presentation Sample) Content: ZapposName:Institution:Specific purpose: Dear classmates, I would like to take this opportunity to present one of the Anne Perschels works, titled; Work-Life Flow: How Individuals, Zappos, and Other Innovative Companies Achieve High Engagement. In this piece, she elaborates on the concepts of engagement with reference to integrating work life and family life for optimal performance.Introduction Attention getter: Balancing the elements of work and life achievements can be quite hard as most of the employees and some of the company leaders have come to realize. Audience relevance:I am sure Most of you like other staffs, have found themselves in a state of poor performance as they are not in a position to fully engage in their jobs to provide maximum performance results commensurate with their abilities (Perschel, 2010). This compromises their work and engagement with their families. As such, majority of the staffs are just riding the tide at work, looking for a better job or position where they can fully engage and achieve at optimal levels.Credibility Personally I have has a chance to experience a disconnected work life and family life. At the same I have read several accounts of companies trying to motivate the staff without no avail simply because the culture does not allow for an integrated social life and work life.IV: Thesis: It is important for me therefore to share the basic element of engagement with reference to work life, family life and how it affects performance.Body of Speech: Dear class mates, the objective of this paper is to closely examine how individuals can achieve flow within their work and the family lives. It dwells deeply into the aspects of how best the individuals can achieve full engagement to bring about optimal achievement in all areas of their lives. It also goes further to establish the methods or criterion that would best fit in with helping the individuals achieve the optimal performance levels (Perschel, 2010).Th e paper takes into account the basic theoretical assumption that by integrating the staffs work and life, the said individuals will be in a position to bring about exceptional performance in both fields. Under the theoretical framework the author brings out some of the concepts that support the central idea. One of the concepts revolves around, enhancing engagement by making sure that the work life of the staff ad their social life are integrated (Perschel, 2010). This enhances the ability of the individual to enjoy both elements of their lives. Transition Having understood the theoretical framework lets us delve on the concepts elaborated here in.The article also brings out the element of balancing the work life and family life. This concept is clearly generated and is connected to aspect of integration. To epitomize the central idea, the article then brings in the concept of flow. This ideally relates to the ability of the individuals, who have established their intrinsic element of integrating their lives at work and with their family, with utmost productivity. The element of flow underlines the argument of the paper. This is to indicate the fact that persons that have established their balance and are able to master optimized performance in their work and family lives, have a characteristic flow (Perschel, 2010). The paper also underlines flow and its characteristics. Ideally, for the staff to achieve flow in their work and life, they have to establish their passion, essence, meaning, purpose, goals, feedback, Attention, Concentration, Internal Control, and challenges as well as rule of operation.To come to this conclusion, the article borrows from secondary data of other research pieces that have been conducted in the past. The general hypothesis relates to engagement increasing the level of productivity at work and in staffs social lives. To build on the body evidence the article has also incorporated interviews with CEOs such as Tony Hsieh from Zappo, o ne of the companies that have implemented the work-life integration with its staffs. The author draws its evidence from some other companies that have been in a position to bring about flow in the culture such as; Patagonia, Green Cargo and Replacements Ltd. These evidences are quite satisfactory as they build on the subject matter with tangible examples of the applic...

Ethical Dilemmas Ethical Dilemma - 1418 Words

INTRODUCTION â€Å"Nearly all healthcare clinicians have or will encounter ethical dilemmas during their clinical operations. Consequently most of them get not training on how to solve the situation. The clinical professionals should be trained on how to resolve ethical dilemma cases, since they are vulnerable to this kind of cases. Ethical dilemmas affect the psychological decisions one makes since they dread transgressing on other imperative moral decisions. Cases of ethical dilemmas affect almost every person regardless of their class or status in the society. Ethical dilemmas in clinical organization affect both the executives and their subjects’ indifferent levels. The heads find themselves perplexed by some ethical issues in their operations, the same way their juniors would experience ethical dilemmas in their standards,†(Welch, 2001, p.1). In situations where life and death is involved, prompt decision should be considered whether one party is hurt but it must be in the best interest of the outcome. Always positive outcome is promoted or considered in an ethical dilemmas. There are many ethical dilemmas that happen in our day to day working lives as nurses but how we tackle the situations matters most. Being diligent and neutral as a health care worker is very important because you are not the judge but helping to resolve the situation. ETHICAL DILEMMA The ethical dilemma here involves an innocent 6 year old who is critically ill and the parents are fighting each otherShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss an ethical dilemma that you have had to face in the workplace. Ethical dilemmas often occur when a manager or an employee is faced with two or more conflicting choices. Give as many facts and details as possible in describing your dilemma. The most difficult ethical dilemma I have dealt with was a summer job I had this past summer, while I was working for a bakery in my hometown. This past particular summer really tested what I believe is right and wrong and how to speak up. One of myRead MoreEthical Dilemma Assignment1766 Words   |  8 PagesCONSENT FORM Thank you for being willing to take part in this interview exploring ethical conflict or turbulence. I would like to transcribe the content of this interview to form a written document to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam University as a piece of assessed piece of coursework. It is important that you only take part in this interview if you want to. As such I would be delighted if you would complete and sign this confidentiality questionnaire prior to the interview taking place. (i)Read MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreCase Analysis : Ethical Dilemma1318 Words   |  6 PagesTitle of Paper: Ethical Dilemma One INTRODUCTION Mrs. Smith, is an 81-year-old widow. She has been widowed for over twenty years. She has been very independent with some assistance from neighbors due to her son living out of the area and unable to assist. Recently, she has had issues with her independence. She has set two accidental fires that caused damages to her apartment, as well as had a recent fall in the bathtub. These issues have gained her son’s attention which has led him to requestRead MoreEthical Dilemma Case Study842 Words   |  4 PagesAn ethical dilemma is a situation by which its difficult to determine whether a situation is can be handled without disappointing both sides. Therefore, an ethical dilemma exists when the right thing to do is clear or when members of the healthcare team cannot agree on the right thing to do. Ethical dilemmas require negotiation of different points of view (potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall 2011pg 78). The case study briefly explains a situation between daughter and father regarding the fathersRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of whichRead Moret Types of ethical dilemmas Mastery67Questions123Materials Essay2477 Words   |  10 PagesTypes of ethical dilemmas Mastery 67% Questions 1 2 3 Materials on the concept: Typical Moral Dilemmas Confronting Business Communicators Ethics and Law for Management Communication Top of Form 1. As part of an effort to hire younger workers, a multinational organization assures applicants that they will get to visit its offices in other countries and work with the employees there. However, only two out of every nine workers actually get selected for such projects. What moral dilemma best fitsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas of Collecting Data and the Consequential Revision of Commodities, Culture and the Politics of Representations Definitions 1751 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation or data has become assets to companies, being regarded as property to be bought and sold to between companies. However, this has put forward the following primary ethical dilemmas surrounding human rights: the right to informed consent and the right to personal data. In addition to the creation of ethical dilemmas, the collection of human data has brought about a need for a revision of definitions. Commodities are known as a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be boughtRead More Will the Real Lupe Garza Please Stand Up? Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesAn ethical dilemma is defined as a moral issue, where a situation has two equivalent undesirable alternatives and neither choice will resolve the ethical predicament. Lupe Garza, mother of two children, is a temporary employee at a plant. Garza is an excellent and talented worker, and supervisors have taken notice in her skills. A human resource specialist named Sara Jones, mislead Garza in thinking she would unquestionably obtain a permanent job position at the plant, causing Garza to turn downRead MoreThe Ethical Principles Of Respect For Autonomy984 Words   |  4 Pagesthe nurse to administer blood despite Mark’s refusal. This situation presents an ethical dilemma to the health professionals involved in Mark’s care. The ethical dilemma is whether to uphold his decision not to receive the blood and therefore risk his life or give him the blood to save his life despite knowing his religious status and beliefs. There are several ethical principles involved in this scenario. The ethical principles of respect for Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Veracity and Fidelity

Methods of Manipulation in George Orwells novel 1984

What does freedom signify? In a country where freedom to do what you choose is the greatest gift of all, there are laws that restrict the daily actions of humans. Additionally, these laws keep some freedoms for humans at bay. This paradox, along with many others, is taken for granted in everyday life. The slogans, formed through doublethink, and the ministries that are created by the Party in George Orwells novel 1984 are paradoxical in nature, as each individual aspect that seems self-contradictory, but contains a hidden truth. War is peace, Freedom is slavery, Ignorance is strength, and the four ministries of the Party are the basis of control for the Party in Oceania. These paradoxes illuminate the theme of the novel: Propaganda and psychological manipulation will lead the masses to believe anything. In Book 1, Chapter one, Winston observes the Party slogans (War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, and Ignorance is Strength) painted on the wall of the Ministry of Truth. These slogans ar e the motto of the Party, and remind people that the life that they live now is better than the life that they led prior to the Revolution. Many of the citizens of Oceania learned how Big Brother made their lives better by overthrowing the Capitalists. In spite of that, these slogans conceal the secret of the power of the Party. In the book Winston gets from the Brotherhood, Big Brother or rather Emmanuel Goldstein, explains the true meaning of each component of the complete slogan. WarShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Brave New World938 Words   |  4 Pagesand similarities in how the government in the novel 1984 and the government in the novel Brave New World control the citizens of their society? Both government are tyrannical types of governments with total control over their people. The two novels have many differences and similarities in the methods the government uses to control the people, they use methods such as psychological manipulation, torture, emotional oppression, and t. The first method of control is torture. Torture is defined as inflictingRead MoreTheme of Fear in George Orwells Novels Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesFear within the ignorant animals of Animal Farm and defeated humans of 1984 exist to uphold each novel’s totalitarian government. Each of these George Orwell novels delve into the power and manipulation of an absolute dictatorship. Napoleon in Animal Farm and Big Brother in 1984 both claim the newly established system of authority is of superior quality than the preceding regime. Apprehension is due to both fictional and realistic threats, twisted for the government’s power-hungry use. Feelings ofRead MoreOppression in Dystopian Societies1154 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian societies shown in George Orwell’s 1984 and Kurt WImmer’s Equilibrium present the readers with a state of society where everything is totalitarian and environmentally corrupt. Through the Government’s methods of control, the citi zens lose their individuality and freedom. Acts of fear and oppression though technological advancements in both 1984 and Equilibrium evoke Oceaninans to trust the higher forms of authority to protect them, and make them feel safe. 1984 and Equilibrium portray a futuristicRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls intoRead MoreOrwells 1984 Essay1962 Words   |  8 Pages Orwell’s Warnings in Nineteen Eighty-Four are Irrelevant to a First-World (our) Society Nineteen Eighty-Four (referred to as 1984 from here on) written by George Orwell is a cautionary novel set in a totalitarian society maintained and controlled by the government through censorship, fear, and a total lack of human rights. George Orwell’s novel 1984 depicts what he saw in the society he was living in, and to warn future societies of what he thought the world was headed towards. However, my hypothesisRead MoreCensorship in 1984 by George Orwell1321 Words   |  6 Pagescourage, or integrity. You will be hollow. We shall squeeze you empty and then we shall fill you with ourselves. In 1984 the Party uses various tactics to manipulate the inhabitants of Oceania as well as those of Nazi Germany. A common form of control in both the Party and the Nazi empire was the use of children for fulfilling the will of their respective government. In Orwell’s novel 1984 Winston claims that, â€Å"It was almost normal for people over thirty to be frightened of their own children. AndRead MoreThe Importance Of Totalitarian Government In George Orwells 19841803 Words   |  8 PagesIgnorance is strength† (Orwell). This may seem like a list of paradoxes, useless and arbitrary in the context of any government. But, these three statements help establish the foundation of the world in the novel 1984 by George Orwell. The novel is set in an alternate version of the year 1984, imagined by Orwell in the 1940s. The world had split into three superstates: Oceania, Eurasia, and Eastasia. The main character, Winston Smith, lives in Oceania where the entire superstate is run by an allRead MoreParadoxical Slogans in 19841661 Words   |  7 PagesSahil Aggarwal Williams IB English SL The Veracity of Paradoxical Slogans in 1984 The definition of a paradox is, â€Å"A statement that on the surface seems a contradiction, but that actually contains some truth.† In George Orwell’s, 1984, the use of paradoxes is exemplified in an attempt to allow the reader to understand the true intentions of a totalitarian government. By using war as a method of keeping peace in the society or even going so far as to further the degree of ignorance to greaten theRead MoreWar Is Peace, By George Orwell1200 Words   |  5 Pagesstatement as George Orwell’s 1984. Without prior knowledge of Orwell’s - and many would argue science-fiction’s - best recognized work of fiction, the slogan has no meaning. It is a set of colliding antonyms. Upon dissecting its connotations in context, though, it gives one of the clearest warnings any author has delivered to the public. Reducing 1984 and modern culture’s many relevant allusions to the novel would be insulting to the multiple layers of desperatel y needed advice to Orwell’s generationRead More1984 Research Paper1680 Words   |  7 PagesEveryday we are all in trying to be persuaded into believing something using media and the government, as don’t in George Orwell’s novel, 1984 manipulation is used by the government to persuade the citizens that their leader, Big Brother, is portraying to be. For which ever reason information is manipulated, it is still a form of attempting to persuade opinions. In many forms people manipulate information in hopes that they will gain something, whether it be to gain power or to try and convince people

Doublemeaning in Shak Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Doublemeaning in Shak Romeo and Juliet Essay Two hints Shakespeare plants in Act II at what lies ahead for Romeo and Juliet are in scene two and three. In scene two, Romeo says, I have nights cloak to hide me from their sight; and, but thou love me, let them find me here. My life were better ended by their hate than death prorogued, wanting of thy love. In scene three, Friar Lawrence is speaking and says, The grey-eyd morn smiles on the frowning nightwithin the infant rind of this small flower poison hath residence, and medicine power for this, being smelt, with that part cheers each part; being tasted, slays all senses with the heart When Romeo says, I have nights cloak to hide me from their sight; and, but thou love me, let them find me here. My life were better ended by their hate than death prorogued, wanting of thy love. He is telling Juliet that it is far more important to him, to be with her tonight and die, then to live yearning for her. This is an example of foreshadowing because he is saying that it is worth dying than not having Juliet by his side. Another example of foreshadowing is in the beginning of scene three when Friar Lawrence says, The grey-eyd morn smiles on the frowning nightwithin the infant rind of this small flower poison hath residence, and medicine power for this, being smelt, with that part cheers each part; being tasted, slays all senses with the heart This is foreshadowing because he is speaking about poison, which plays a key role at the end of Romeo and Juliet. The two examples of foreshadowing that Shakespeare plants in Act II, give the audience a little insight into whats going to happen in the future of the story. Foreshadowing also creates suspense in the story causing viewers to be more attentive. Bibliography:

Profiling at US Airports Due to Security Screening

Since 9/11, security has become a major issue in the United States of America. For the last ten years, security has become one of the top priorities of the US government. Airports, sea ports, government departments and even private institutions have planned and implemented security programs all over the country to ensure the protection of the citizens of the United States of America.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Profiling at US Airports Due to Security Screening specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Airports are the main gates used by most of the travelers to enter a state from abroad or to travel from one city to another within a country. In this era of war, terrorism and retaliation, airports have to strictly monitor the individuals entering or leaving the country through air travel. The attacks of 9/11 have increased pressure on the aviation authorities of almost all the countries in the world including the US to manage and monitor the flow of passengers using air travel. Managements of airports all over the United States have revamped and implemented tight security programs to tackle the problem of potential terrorists entering the US. A few days after the 9/11 attacks, Congress passed the Aviation and Transport Security Act. Later, Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was established. In accordance with TSA, government employees were given the charge of airport security all over the country. The TSA has implemented programs for screening passengers and the baggage that they carry. X-rays scanners, metal detectors, and bomb detectors were initially used for the screening. Later on, during 2010, full body scanner, pat downs and strip searches were also introduced by the TSA which led to much rage and criticism amongst the passengers (Bajoria). Some questions were raised by experts over the effectiveness of such security programs which led to the introduction of profiling. Profiling uses the available information about the passengers to judge whether they are low risk or high risk. Information such as behavior, criminal record, ethnicity, religion and travelling history is used to determine the level of risk of a passenger. High risk passengers are questioned and made to go through full body scans or pat downs. Low risk passengers usually face lesser problems during their journey from the entrance of the airport to the waiting lounge.Advertising Looking for research paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Profiling and security screening at the airports of the US as well as other western countries have become hot topics of debate all over the international media. This study aims to discuss some pros and cons of profiling and security screening at the US airports, but the main emphasis will be laid on the shortcomings of such programs. It has been witnessed that the policies i mplemented by powerful governments are presented to the general public in a way which either keeps them from questioning it or convinces them to allow the authorities to discriminate a particular group of people. Well, it’s not enough to write a sentence and then expect the reader to understand and analyze the whole situation without providing strong arguments. So let’s start with the most widely known issues related to profiling and security programs. The first question raised on this issue is that whether profiling is effective or not. Well, we need strong arguments to agree or disagree. The advocates of the profiling and security screening programs argue that such security procedures are helpful in keeping the country safe. They insist that full body scans and pat downs can make it difficult for the terrorists to conduct their activities in the country and so it will be better to implement such programs. While making such arguments, they tend to forget that the terr orist organizations are very capable of using other tactics to conduct terror attacks. Terrorists usually have a strong network of intelligence and so it’s not that easy to catch them. The terrorists are not foolish enough to walk through the airport gates knowing that the security programs implemented there are very much advanced and there are chances that they will be caught. Many countries are profiling their citizens, including the US. The terrorists have another option of employing people from countries where profiling is not implemented yet, to conduct attacks. Profiling also includes noticing the general behavior of the individual while being interrogated. Terrorists can easily pretend to be someone else while such interrogations take place. It would be better to discuss Umar Farouk (also called underwear bomber) who was caught in December 2009 carrying explosives attached to his under garments. Well, the US government report showed that there was confusion about wheth er x ray scanners were able to detect the bomb or not. Also, these machines cannot detect anything hidden inside the body; consider the example of drug traffickers making use of capsules to transport heroin / drugs. Different people have different opinions about the effectiveness of such security programs. Some argue that profiling is more effective than pat downs and full body scans because checking the past records and asking some extra questions does not provoke the passenger as much as invading his or her privacy does.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Profiling at US Airports Due to Security Screening specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is another issue which adds more spice to the debate. Many people argue that, the manufacturers of those machines and technology have considerable influence on the government, and it is well known that in the capitalist system of the US, the big corporations have a major influence on the government, and so they force the government to ease their path to making big profits. Well, billions of dollars were spent on the purchases and installation of these security screening machines. Who paid? The public obviously, who is angry at the new procedures? The public again, who made billions? The manufacturers. Now it’s up to the readers to analyze the situation and then make their opinion (Debatepedia). Next discussion involves the issue of privacy of individuals which is invaded by the security personnel at the airports who â€Å"in the name of duty† deprive the individuals of the most basic human rights of liberty and privacy. During 2010, TSA introduced full body scanners at majority of the air ports of the country. Full body scanners enable the security staff to look through the passenger’s clothes and search for weapons or any other kind of dangerous apparatus which may threaten the safety of others on board. Many passengers have expressed anger over such programs due to obvious reasons. Invasion of an individual’s privacy is by no means acceptable to that individual even if it is legally implemented by the government. Passengers at many of the major airports of the country have complained about how humiliating such security procedures are. It is, more or less, like some form of erotic photography. Supporters of such programs insist on the need for such security checks while ignoring the importance people give to privacy, values and respect. The advocates of such security programs claim that, implementing such programs will reduce the risk of terrorist attacks in the country. Some answers to this argument have already been given.Advertising Looking for research paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another important issue related to this problem is the problem of discrimination in profiling. Majority of the Muslim and South Asian passengers expressed anger on the issue of discrimination on the basis of religion. It is not a coincidence that only Arab, Pakistani, Indian and African Muslims are singled out and interrogated. The west may have lost all of its values and culture, but the majority of the Muslims today value religious obligations and culture. Full body scans, especially, proved to be the most provoking for the Muslims at the US airports. Screening and pat downs of Muslim women has enraged the Muslims all over the world. Why is it that only the women wearing the Hijab are asked to stand out for extra interrogation only because she is wearing loose dress and a head cover while the rest of the women are only required to go through normal procedures? I consider this not as an accident. It is the practice of deliberately discriminating the Muslims. It’s not racial profiling, but racial discrimination indeed (NPR). The debate over the topic of profiling and security screening often excludes the opinion of the security staff working at the airports. Many security personnel have expressed disgust about their jobs of conducting pat downs, screenings, interrogations and even strip searches. They hate to touch other people while performing body searches and usually provide passengers the opportunity to abuse them. However, passengers also give the staff a hard time (Daily Mail Reporter). Works Cited Bajoria, Jayshree. â€Å"The Debate Over Airport Security.† Web. Daily Mail Reporter. â€Å"‘We hate obese passengers and people with personal hygiene issues:’ Now ‘abused’ TSA staff vent their anger at patdown searches.† Web. Debatepedia. â€Å"Airport security profiling.â€Å". Web. NPR. â€Å"Challenge: Airport Screening Without Discrimination.â€Å". Web. This research paper on Profiling at US Airports Due to Security Screening was written and submitted by user Elvis Hayes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Dual Religions

In an era of great human discoveries arose a compulsive desire to learn of man's origins and place in the scheme of the universe. People aimlessly searched for one to guide them with wisdom on the right path, the path away from suffering. In the West, in the small country of Israel, such a man arose. But before him, another in the East came and went, a man of great spiritual clarity and charisma. Both men faded away, but they left legacies that changed the very fabric of history on opposite hemispheres. Both men had very similar teachings, and they spread across the globe almost simultaniously, changing the hearts of all whose paths crossed. In the dominating land of Rome to the west, a land of mostly athiest and diversibly accepting roots, an emperor arose, Constantanople, who admited his faith to being overtaken by the "holy light" of Jesus. It wasnt long before the church became a vital part in the political system of Rome. And as History tells time and time again, when the chruch and state intervine, collapse likely occurs. With massive sepperation between the Roman provinces, and economic and religeos unrest, the fall came to be. Christianity teaches the importance of the church over anything else, therefor new believers would go openly seek out a "Godless" locale needing the fullfillment of a church. In this church, new believers would learn that they too also must spread the word of God through the same methods - building a church and converting more people. The more people you convert in Christianity, the more rewards you will have in heaven. So take a man like Constotine who holds an entire empire under his bel t, and you can easily understand why this man wants to do some major converting. Caravans and soldiers off to war were especially susceptable; they would learn of the new religion in forign lands, then see the need to spread it whence returning to their hometown. Therefor the Christian "franchize" came to be. Buddhi... Free Essays on Dual Religions Free Essays on Dual Religions In an era of great human discoveries arose a compulsive desire to learn of man's origins and place in the scheme of the universe. People aimlessly searched for one to guide them with wisdom on the right path, the path away from suffering. In the West, in the small country of Israel, such a man arose. But before him, another in the East came and went, a man of great spiritual clarity and charisma. Both men faded away, but they left legacies that changed the very fabric of history on opposite hemispheres. Both men had very similar teachings, and they spread across the globe almost simultaniously, changing the hearts of all whose paths crossed. In the dominating land of Rome to the west, a land of mostly athiest and diversibly accepting roots, an emperor arose, Constantanople, who admited his faith to being overtaken by the "holy light" of Jesus. It wasnt long before the church became a vital part in the political system of Rome. And as History tells time and time again, when the chruch and state intervine, collapse likely occurs. With massive sepperation between the Roman provinces, and economic and religeos unrest, the fall came to be. Christianity teaches the importance of the church over anything else, therefor new believers would go openly seek out a "Godless" locale needing the fullfillment of a church. In this church, new believers would learn that they too also must spread the word of God through the same methods - building a church and converting more people. The more people you convert in Christianity, the more rewards you will have in heaven. So take a man like Constotine who holds an entire empire under his bel t, and you can easily understand why this man wants to do some major converting. Caravans and soldiers off to war were especially susceptable; they would learn of the new religion in forign lands, then see the need to spread it whence returning to their hometown. Therefor the Christian "franchize" came to be. Buddhi...

Annette Jacksion's Small Craft Store to Web Conversion Essay

Annette Jacksion's Small Craft Store to Web Conversion - Essay Example The lack of an already existent website can be viewed as a handicap, besides the low number of staff appointed to run the business. Therefore, the shop must look towards expanding its team of employees and creating a website that is comprehensive in terms of the details of products, purchase catalogue, and the like. Thus, this project management and expansion needs some analysis to begin with. The PAPERS Methodology is useful in such a scenario, when process, customs, promotion and web support are the major criteria in the formation and growth of the company. For instance, the eBay website employs the support of the customers and users of the website. They act as dealers of products and intermediaries. The website not only provides a great forum for buying and selling of products, but also gives the dealers, buyers and sellers the opportunity to discuss and share opinions and knowledge on various products via forums. The implementation of the philosophy of the selling of products and dissemination of information is in tune with the architectural compatibility

Nonprofit Assignment 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nonprofit Assignment 2 - Coursework Example With a mission to ensure racial equality and socioeconomic uplifting of all citizens, the organization boasted about 425000 members in 2007. Through its various departments like Branch and Field Services, youth and collage department, Legal department, and Education department, the organization looks to improve the living conditions of all American citizens and provide them with the best facilities available. The Association also does strong lobbying in the US government that is something contrary to the theories discussed in the commentary. The NAACP is also run through a proper hierarchical management system and takes the ideology of business processes in its operations. The organization also had a rivalry with the IRS at the point of its tax-exempted status. The IRS contented that the organization has been actively taking part in the political affairs which was obnoxious but eventually, the case went in favour of the organization(NAACP, 1997). The philanthropic foundation works under private ownership and is a division of the main for profit business of the Kellogg Company. Hence this is a good example of the corporate effort towards non-profit businesses. The foundation was the 7th largest foundation in 2005 with 82% of its founds spent in the US. The company also invests in a variety of programs including schools, and other social programs. The assets held by the company are humongous in volume with US $ 7 billion. This is in compliance with the theories cited in the commentary about the growing influence of the non-profit organizations. The new management framework employed by the organization enables it to emphasise on food, Health, Social wellbeing and Education and Learning. The organization, unlike many others, has been very successful in fulfilling its objective of helping children face the future with confidence, health, and under high security (W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 1999). The Association of Jewish family and children agencies

The Second Vatican Council Essay Example for Free

The Second Vatican Council Essay The Second Vatican Council began in 1962 and ended in 1965. For the first year Pope John XXIII opened the council, he unfortunately died in 1963. Pope Paul VI then took over and closed the council in 1965. â€Å"A combined total of 2,865 bishops and prelates attended the council, which issued sixteen formal documents† (John and Hardon, 2000). The second Vatican promulgated some of the most important documents present in the Catholic religion. They also changed the way the Laity were involved in the church. A Lay apostle is someone who has committed to God (through baptism and confirmation) and strives to deliver the divine message of salvation to others throughout the world. â€Å"The need for the apostolate is shown by the manifest action of the Holy Spirit moving laymen today to a deeper and deeper awareness of their responsibility and urging them on everywhere to the service of Christ and the Church. † (Jackson, 2010). Therefore the statement suggests that the Holy Spirit is the one to give us a deeper understanding of what we as Catholics must do to become a good lay apostle, and that our responsibilities are within the church and our beliefs in Christ. Nazzaro (2010) states â€Å"A Lay apostle walks closely with Jesus throughout each day†¦ We serve Jesus through service to others. † In order to become a good lay apostle we must be close to the Lord daily whether saying prayers or attending church, and in order to serve him we must spread the word of God to everyone that would be interested in following Christ. The Second Vatican Council made the dogmatic constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium). This was a set of rules in which Catholic must abide by. The constitution of the church states that everyone is part of the church and therefore everyone has a responsibility for its growth and the spread of the kingdom of God throughout the world. Due to this responsibility the council recognised the need for the role of the laity to cease from being passive and instead become active. The role is stated by Paul VI (1964) â€Å"they may make Christ known to others† The Vatican II council was one of the most significant events to have happened in the Catholic Church. This was because the council made many changes, its purpose was to bring the church up to date by opening it to dialogue with the modern world in terms of other Christian traditions, other faiths, the cultural, the political and the technical milieu in which we all live. (Doyle, 2006. Bishop Butler, 1967). The church felt that they were ‘behind times’ therefore their goal was to modernise themselves so that they kept up with its people. This meant that the church allowed the freedom of speech to all catholic people. The council wanted a wider input from the community therefore they allowed the laity to have an active role in the church. Other changes included allowing women on the sanctuary, before the second Vatican only males could be alter servers. Churches were not encouraged to study the bible, but rather the catechism, however nowadays churches can study both. Catholics had little to do with Protestants and they weren’t allowed to enter protestant churches, this has also been changed. For most Catholics, the biggest changes the Council made was â€Å"the priest and altar turned toward the people and the Liturgy of the Word and the Canon of the Mass in the vernacular† (McInerny, 2001). This implies that the mass is now read in a language the people understood. Before the Vatican II, mass was read in Latin, which the Laity saw unsuitable as they did not follow or understand the ceremonies attended. The Laity played little part within the church before the second Vatican council was formed. The laity attended mass to listen to the word of God, which was delivered and preached by the clergy. However the insight of Vatican II now means that, â€Å"the laity have a full and active role to play both in the church and in the world. † (Kinast, 1979:384). This implies that the people of the church not only have to take part within the church but they must do their own duty outside of the church. This means getting involved within church events such as fundraising or helping out with the offerings within the sermons. The council felt there was many reasons for changing the role of the laity. One important reason was to enable the Church to adapt with current changes of the modern world. A quote from Pope John XXIII as on his deathbed (24 May 1963) (cited in Bishop Butler, 1967) was â€Å"Those who have lived as long as I have were enabled to compare different cultures and traditions, and know that the moment has come to discern the signs of the times, to seize the opportunity and to look far ahead. He recognised that the Church was at an important stage and that in order to seize opportunities and bring others into the faith, there needed to be a role for the laity. Bishop Butler (1967) supported this in stating; â€Å"Catholics were not meant to be museum keepers, but rather gardeners whose responsibility it was to prepare a beautiful harvest for a glorious future†. In other words, the laity are there to serve the Lord in as many ways possible, it would be an opportunity wasted if God’s children (the laity) were not sent out to spread the message. Lay Christians are dedicated to Christ and anointed by the Holy Spirit as aforementioned. They are called to be heralds of faith and through them the Church can become the salt of the earth. This is why the council felt it was important to change the role of the laity as they realised the Holy Spirit acted through them. There have been many developments within the church since the Vatican II. This includes the involvement of other helpers within the church. The Lay people due to the changes were able to do a lot more within the church services. These include readings and Eucharistic ministers. They also have female alter servers, which before the Vatican II would never have been allowed. Some felt that the Vatican II did little for the Church today; â€Å"Although the Second Vatican Council had enormous impact, it cannot be isolated from prior and parallel liturgical, theological, biblical, and social developments† (Mcbrien, 1997), however I disagree. Without the Vatican II’s introduction of the Constitution on the Church, the role of the Laity would not have been transformed to the state that we know today. Because of the Vatican II, the church today has many different roles for people. These include Church Church cleaners, flower arrangers, prayer groups, liturgy groups, pilgrimage groups (including taking the sick to Lourdes), bereavement care centres, parish teams, school chaplains and many more. In creating these jobs not only decreases the work load for the Clergy but it allows the community to get involved within the church and spreads the word of God. There are many developments that may happen in the future. Some have already been discussed but still have yet to be decided. One thing that may develop in the future is the decision on birth control. Although the Catholic Church has still banned contraception there may be good reason for the introduction of it for example the discussion of the prevention of HIV. Another development that could be changed is the marriage of priests. There will always be a place in the church for a celibate priesthood, but there should also be a place for a married priesthood in the church, stated by Daly (2011) (cited in McDonald, 2011). The statement provides challenges to the Catholic religion and that one-day the ban may be shifted. Another issue is that Homosexual marriage may occur in the future. Many religions including Christianity are still against this decision however, todays society is beginning to accept it and thus the Church may also come to the same agreement. A final development for the future would be female ministers. Although there has been much dispute about this topic, the church may alter its decision and adapt to the ever-changing society. Now that there is the Laity, the church must do its duty and continue to listen to the requests and suggestions made by the Laity. The church and the Laity can be said to be a family or a community and without the Laity or the Clergy present, the Catholic religion may not survive. Therefore the second Vatican’s decision on apostolate of Laity was very important as they help the survival of the religion and the message to be spread throughout the world.

Krashen’s Hypotheses of Second Language Acquisition Essay -- Foreign L

Krashen’s Hypotheses of Second Language Acquisition For decades, foreign language teachers wandered in a scientific abyss. Until 1983, there had been little real research dealing with the ways in which someone acquires a second language. Teachers mostly used the audiolingual classroom model that had been in place for the past twenty years (or, even worse, the literally ancient grammatical translation model that had been used by civilizations millennia old). Clearly, language teaching methodology was in a poor situation. In 1983, however, Krashen published the results of an unprecedented body of research and paved the way for a revolution in our field. His five-point hypothesis focused on the difference between the acquisition of and the learning of a second language. Krashen has his detractors, of course, not the least of whom are American school districts, which have been reluctant to implement his teachings. Most experts agree, however, that his ideas are the most meritorious of the theories in circulation now, an d schools that refuse to incorporate them are doing their students a disservice. The first of Krashen’s hypotheses is the learning-acquisition hypothesis, which differentiates the two titular terms. According to Krashen, â€Å"acquisition† refers to the implicit knowledge we have of a language, whereas â€Å"learning† refers to explicit knowledge about a language. Implicit knowledge refers to command of a language as if it were one’s native language; explicit knowledge is what we unfortunately gain in most foreign language classes. One good example of this in Spanish is the phrase â€Å"me llamo,† which literally means â€Å"I call myself† but is usually translated by Spanish teachers as â€Å"my name is.... ... on teachers to find objective methods of evaluating students, which can be extremely difficult to do if they heed Krashen’s advice. The price that students pay for steady grading is, unfortunately, genuine competence in their chosen language, and it is far too high. The pending change in second-language teaching is often called an â€Å"incomplete revolution† because the educational establishment refuses to implement the system despite its acknowledged merits, choosing instead to languish in the mediocrity we face today. WORKS CITED Krashen, Stephen. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. New York: Pergamon Press. 1982 Omaggio, Alice C. Teaching Language in Context. Proficiency Oriented Instruction. Boston: Heinle and Heinle. 1986 Sole, Yolanda Russino. â€Å"The input hypothesis and the bilingual learner.† Bilingual Review 19:2. 99-100.

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay

Effective communication is a major element to success in any relationship, business, or organization. Communication barriers attempt to impede, and in some instances stop, the successful completion of the communication process. Law Enforcement agencies are susceptible to the consequences of ineffective communication and should work toward reducing and eliminating barriers blocking the flow of communication. Organizational flaws in the entangled hodgepodge of agencies within the American criminal justice system cause various communication barriers resulting in confusion and inefficiencies throughout the system. Law enforcement agencies began sharing more information after the attacks on 9/11 but barriers still exist. Understanding the communication process and using active listening skills is vital to overcoming barriers to effective communication. Process of Communication Wallace and Roberson (2009) define communication as, â€Å"a process involving several steps, among two or more persons, for the primary purpose of exchanging information† (p. 15). The communication process is dependent on the sender’s ability to create an understandable message for the recipient and the recipient’s ability to interpret the message. The process begins by transmitting an idea into a message made of carefully chosen symbols understandable to the receiver (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). To ensure success of the communication process, the sender should consider the recipient’s point of view while forming the message and selecting the means of transmission. The message can take the form of writing, speaking, or movement (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Receipt of the message is very important or the process of communication stops. Sending the message using the appropriate medium continues the communication process to the next step. Understanding the idea of the message requires interpretation by the recipient. The receiver interprets the message and provides feedback to the sender. Feedback indicates receipt of the message and whether the message was understood or requires more information. Formal and Informal Channels of Communication Information flows up and down through the police organizations according to the chain of command. The formal channels of communication within police organizations require strict adherence to order, written memorandums, and directives (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). The Momentum that information flows within the formal channels is slow creating a delay in sharing new information throughout the organization. Slow transmission reduces organizational efficiency, wastes valuable time, resources, and puts the reputation of the police agency at risk. Formal channels are restrictive and at times seem unnecessary but police agencies do receive benefits using the formal channels. Through formal channels, all officers receive the same directions in an understandable message that reduces confusion among officers and creates documentation for later reference (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Informal channels of communication exist in all law enforcement agencies and are used to pass information outside the formal channels of communication. Informal channels of communication give officers a break from the rigid protocol of formal channels. Opportunities for personal discussions that build camaraderie naturally improve morale and work performance. Police agencies know the benefits of informal channels of communication. When the right balance of formal and informal communications is achieved, the agency becomes a united police force. Overcoming Barriers to Effective Communication  The barriers that influence effective communication within the criminal justice system are emotional barriers, physical barriers, semantic barriers, and ineffective listening (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). The sender and receiver both can contribute emotional barriers reducing effective communication by allowing beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, and life experiences to enter the process. Criminal justice professionals can overcome emotional barriers by using peer support systems within the police department or support from outside sources (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Physical barriers are obstructions that interfere with movement of a message and are the hardest to overcome. The weather, distance, and failures in technology are a few examples of physical barriers a police officer may encounter (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Some barriers are out of the officer’s control and cannot be overcome quickly such as an ice storm that becomes a physical barrier when power and telephone lines go down ending communication. Semantic barriers consist of language differences and ambiguous word meanings and prevent a clear exchange of ideas resulting in failed communication. Hiring a diverse group of officers can reduce language barriers and choosing words carefully with the receiver in mind can help ease semantic barriers. Ineffective listening is another barrier present in the criminal justice system and occurs from disinterest, speaker bias, emotions, distractions, and words that invoke emotion (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Every officer needs active listening skills. An officer using active listening skills can diffuse dangerous situations when armed with a clear understanding of the circumstances. Active listening is different from hearing. Hearing is an automatic response to sound and listening is an act. While using active listening skills the officer is processing what the speaker is saying with interest, free of speaker bias, and emotions, before giving a response (Wallace & Roberson, 2009). Improving and eliminating barriers to effective communication is achieved through education and self-improvement courses offered as part of a criminal justice professional’s continuing education. Communication Failure 9/11  The repercussions of failed communication can be seen in the attacks of 9/11. Many factors contributed to known terrorists entering the United States undetected and successfully killing Americans. Ineffective communication resulting in communication failure is one variable that allowed the United States to be attacked by terrorist from another country. The structure of American law enforcement agencies is conducive to linkage blindness. Grant and Terry (2008) define linkage blindness as, â€Å"the inability to analyze and link critical information across or within agencies† (p. ). Communication failed because Federal law enforcement agencies did not share terrorist information with state and local law enforcement agencies. Competition and territorial greed between agencies contributed to the loss of communication within the law enforcement community (Grant & Terry, 2008). Best (2007) stated, â€Å"Almost all assessments of the attacks of September 11, 2001 have concluded U. S. Intelligence and law enforcement agencies had failed to share information that might have provided advance warning of the plot† (Summary, para. 1). Congress eventually acknowledged communication barriers exist within the system of law enforcement agencies and enacted legislation and regulation to facilitate the sharing of information. Conclusion Most communication barriers can be overcome by using common sense and active listening devoid of emotion and bias. Police agencies and individual criminal justice professionals are responsible for learning and using active listening skills. Understanding the communication process reveals strategies to overcoming barriers that block the flow of information. Formal and informal channels of communication can drive the movement of messages forward or stop movement completely. When terrorists attacked the United States September 11, 2001 Congress enacted legislation and regulations to tear down the communication barriers that existed between law enforcement agencies. Communication barriers will always exist within the structure of American law enforcement agencies but efforts will continue to eliminate barriers within reach and reduce those harder to reach.

The Use of Word Stems in English

In English grammar and morphology, a stem is the form of a word before any inflectional affixes are added. In English, most stems also qualify as words. The term base is commonly used by linguists to refer to any stem (or root) to which an affix is attached. Identifying a Stem A stem may consist of a single root, of two roots forming a compound stem, or of a root (or stem) and one or more derivational affixes forming a derived stem.(R. M. W. Dixon, The Languages of Australia. Cambridge University Press, 2010) Combining Stems The three main morphological processes are compounding, affixation, and conversion. Compounding involves adding two stems together, as in . . . window-sill--or blackbird, daydream, and so on. . . . For the most part, affixes attach to free stems, i.e., stems that can stand alone as a word. Examples are to be found, however, where an affix is added to a bound stem--compare perishable, where perish is free, with durable, where dur is bound, or unkind, where kind is free, with unbeknown, where beknown is bound. . . . Stem Conversion Conversion is where a stem is derived without any change in form from one belonging to a different class. For example, the verb bottle (I must bottle some plums) is derived by conversion from the noun bottle, while the noun catch (That was a fine catch) is converted from the verb.(Rodney D. Huddleston,  English Grammar: An Outline. Cambridge University Press, 1988) The Difference Between a Base and a Stem Base is the core of a word, that part of the word which is essential for looking up its meaning in the dictionary; stem is either the base by itself or the base plus another morpheme to which other morphemes can be added. [For example,] vary is both a base and a stem; when an affix is attached the base/stem is called a stem only. Other affixes can now be attached.(Bernard ODwyer,  Modern English Structures: Form, Function, and Position. Broadview, 2000) The Difference Between a Root and a Stem The terms root and stem are sometimes used interchangeably. However, there is a subtle difference between them: a root is a morpheme that expresses the basic meaning of a word and cannot be further divided into smaller morphemes. Yet a root does not necessarily constitute a fully understandable word in and of itself. Another morpheme may be required. For example, the form struct in English is a root because it cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts, yet neither can it be used in discourse without a prefix or a suffix being added to it (construct, structural, destruction, etc.)  A stem may consist of just a root. However, it may also be analyzed into a root plus  derivational morphemes  . . .. Like a root, a stem may or may not be a fully understandable word. For example, in English, the forms  reduce  and  deduce  are stems because they act like any other regular verb--they can take the  past-tense  suffix. However, they are not roots, because they can be a nalyzed into two parts,  -duce, plus a  derivational  prefix  re-  or  de-.So some roots are stems, and some stems are roots. ., but roots and stems are not the same thing. There are roots that are not stems (-duce), and there are stems that are not roots (reduce). In fact, this rather subtle distinction is not extremely important conceptually, and some theories do away with it entirely.(Thomas Payne,  Exploring Language Structure: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 2006) ​Irregular Plurals Once there was a song about a purple-people-eater, but it would be ungrammatical to sing about a purple-babies-eater. Since the licit irregular plurals and the illicit regular plurals have similar meanings, it must be the grammar of irregularity that makes the difference.The theory of word structure explains the effect easily. Irregular plurals, because they are quirky, have to be stored in the mental dictionary as roots or stems; they cannot be generated by a rule. Because of this storage, they can be fed into the compounding rule that joins an existing stem to another existing stem to yield a new stem. But regular plurals are not stems stored in the mental dictionary; they are complex words that are assembled on the fly by inflectional rules whenever they are needed. They are put together too late in the root-to-stem-to-word assembly process to be available to the compounding rule, whose inputs can only come out of the dictionary.(Steven Pinker, The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. William Morrow, 1994)